The questions and the particularity of the choice of design parameters of multi-module lunar jet penetrators are considered. A constructive layout of the penetrator is proposed and the advantages of a multi-modular design are presented. In particular, the limitation on the depth of penetration of the reactive penetrator of the standard scheme, associated with the characteristics of the flow of combustion products from the nozzle into a variable length channel left after the passage of the apparatus, is described. An algorithm is suggested for solving the problem of design parameters of multi-module lunar jet penetrators, which is based on the same methods for finding design parameters of single-module penetrators. Nonetheless, in this case, among the main design parameters that uniquely determine the appearance of both individual modules and the apparatus as a whole, in addition to pressure in the combustion chamber, elongation, pressure relationships at the nozzle and in the chamber, engine running time in air, structural mass and angle, contents of the head including, multiple modules (or sections of the remote control) of the device. By the above method, the calculation of the gas-dynamic parameters for the operation process in solid propellant rocket engines was carried out. Critical temperatures of solid fuel and pressure in the combustion chamber are limited by the ones leading to destruction of the engine and the penetrator.
The possibility of using penetrators for researching the subsurface layers of the moon is considered. Possible options for launching such penetrators are indicated, from the way the launch is carried out depends on the depth of penetration into the regolith. It was found that when the propulsion system has less traction than the static resistance of the lunar soil, movement does not occur if the launch of the penetrator is accomplished from the surface with zero entry speed. The dependences are given that permit calculating with sufficient accuracy the penetrator mass, penetration depth and the resulting overloads. The depth of penetration of the inertial penetrator depends on its mass-dimensional qualities and the speed of entry into the soil, which is limited by the level of permissible overloads. The use of a solid fuel engine on the penetrator facilitates increasing the allowable speed of the penetrator into the ground by reducing the overloads acting on it, and thereby increasing the penetration depth.
1 Московский авиационный институт (Национальный исследовательский университет) 125993 Москва, ГСП-3, А-80, Волоколамское ш., д. 4 Тел.: (8-499) 158-91-36 2 Научно-испытательный центр ракетно-космической промышленности 141320 Пересвет, Московская область, ул. Бабушкина, д. 9 Тел.: (8-496) 546-34-75 Заключение совета рецензентов: 01.11.15 Заключение совета экспертов: 05.11.15 Принято к публикации: 09.11.15В статье рассмотрены вопросы использования твердотопливных и пароводянных реактивных двигателей для установки свай в грунты при возведении фундаментов различных сооружений. Использование подобных двигателей позволяет принципиально изменить технологию проведения работ, что в условиях труднодоступной местности может привести к экономии времени и средств. Существенным недостатком всех современных средств установки свай является их большая масса, составляющая десятки и сотни тонн. Предлагаемый способ способен ускорить процесс и имеет существенно меньшую массу оборудования. Авторами определены удельный импульс двигателя и потребный запас топлива в зависимости от поперечного сечения сваи. Предоставлена принципиальная конструкционная схема установки и даны рекомендации по возможности ее использования в городах и удаленной местности.Ключевые слова: свая, фундамент, твердотопливный ракетный двигатель, пароводяной ракетный двигатель, тяга двигателя.The article discusses the solid-fuel and water-steam rocket engine use for pile installation into the soils during the basement construction of different buildings. Use of such engine allows fundamentally change the technology of pile installation, that result in time and resources saving especially in hard-to-reach places. Important disadvantage of all modern pile-driving equipment is their large mass of tens and hundreds tons. The proposed method is able to speed up the process and has significantly less weight equipment. The authors defined a specific impulse of the engine and required fuel supply depending on the cross-section of the pile. Fundamental constructive sketch of the unit and recommendation of the possibility of its use in cities and remote areas are presented.
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