The experience of the Masterresearch program designing “Cultural-historical Psychology and Activity-based Approach in Education” is considered in the article. Special attention is paid to the originality of the content of research activities corresponding to the level of Master program graduates. The authors describe professional competences of the research type and actions that students of the research program master.The basis of the generalized method of study of problems of educational activity is the methodology of Cultural-historical Psychology and Activity Approach in education, to be more precise, the works of L.S. Vygotsky, A. N. Leontiev, A. R. Luria, P. Y. Galperin, A. V. Zaporozhets, D. B. Elkonin, V. V. Davydov and of their followers. The Master research program offers professional training in the form of specially organized research work of students including the solution of the professional research problems and performance of professional research activities aimed at the identification and analysis of learning activity problems (game for pre-school stage of general education). The example of sequence of actions forcarrying out specific Master’s research is provided.
On May 25, 2018 the Moscow State University of Psychology and Education hosted a methodological seminar “Human Development and the Creative Potential of Culture” (supervised by V.V. Rubtsov and B.D. Elkonin) that was dedicated to the 80th birthday of the renowned American psychologist professor Michael Cole, the disciple of A.R. Luria and the successor of the cultural-historical and activity approaches in psychology. Michael Cole has and continues to put a lot of effort into the internationalization and development of these acknowledged Russian approaches all over the world. The seminar was organized by the Cultural-Historical Psychology journal and the International UNESCO Chair of Cultural-Historical Psychology of Childhood (MSUPE). The issues discussed in the seminar included: 1. Understanding culture: from the environment to the origins of human development; 2. Cultural-historical psychology: the language of mutual understanding and the creative tool in science and education; 3. The diversity of cultural mediation of human activity in the modern world; 4. Cultural-activity approach as an interdisciplinary project; 5. Psychology and sociocultural practices of human development; 6. From joint activity towards co-creation of culture; 7. Imagination: the ‘third’ eye of culture. Among the participants of the seminar were Russian researchers V.V. Rubtsov, A.A. Margolis, A.G. Asmolov, V.T. Kudryavtsev, N.N. Nechaev, V.A. Lektorsky, T.V. Akhutina, Zh.M. Glozman, M.V. Falikman, B.D. Elkonin, V.A. Guruzhapov as well as M. Cole himself and his friend and colleague J.Wertsch (both participating online). The paper presents the full text of the discussion.
The article focuses on the designing of disciplines, based on the competence and activity approach to the content and methods of training of future teachers in the research psycho-pedagogical master’s program. Particular attention is paid to the creation of problematic situations, in which research master students find themselves in the position of supervisors examining the educational activity. The authors provide examples of how students perform expert-analytical tasks based on analysis of training activities developed in the theory of developmental education by Davydov scholar school. There are samples of test items to assess how students have learned the content of the discipline, as well as to determine their ability and willingness to perform professional activities. These tasks were performed by master students as well as developing training teachers in elementary school and secondary school teachers. Testing the «Design and research of learning activities in the science lessons in secondary school» course allows us pre argue that psycho-pedagogical research master program allows to train future research training specialist using professional tasks related to expertise and design of training activities. Master students reach an acceptable level of competence for the performing the expert-analytical tasks. We propose to discuss if natural-scientific training of master students is one of the conditions for full cooperation between future research training specialist and teachers in order to improve the education of adolescents in the field of natural sciences.
In this paper I present some commentaries to the paper by Yu.A. Poluyanov that was written in 2007 and is published in the current issue. The importance of his work is evident in the context of the actual tasks of raising the quality of psychological and pedagogical training of teachers in the present-day stage of development of the general education system. In the focus of the paper is the problem of spontaneous independence of initiative in primary schoolchildren at a particular stage when a teacher works with the children on the concepts of their drawings. Several examples are given to illustrate how the teacher can support the children in constructing plots for their drawings through discussions and individual work.
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