Approaches to evaluation of the severity of neurological disorders in animals with experimental acute severe alcohol intoxication were developed. Using the method of statistical analysis, we selected criteria, which can be used for evaluation of the severity of inhibition of the nervous system in studies of the alcoholism pathogenesis and for improvement of methods for correction of severe intoxication at the preclinical stage of drug efficiency evaluation.
Purpose: Review of modern concepts of the biological effect of ionizing radiation in medium doses on a living organism and the consequences of radiation in order to assess the need for the use of drugs suitable for the purpose of modifying the effects; stimulation of discussion on the issue under consideration.
Results: The conditions of origin and the list of possible radiation effects from irradiation at medium doses of the 0.1–1 Gy range were assessed, the scale and phenomenology of the consequences were assessed as a subject of modification by antiradiation agents.
Conclusions: Pharmacological support (use of PLC) under conditions of short-term and prolonged irradiation with a low dose rate and in the dose range of 0.2–1 Gy seems to be necessary due to the reality of deterministic effects when the dose limits are exceeded (partly at the premorbid or preclinical level, with pronounced psychogenic reactions – components of the final state), as well as with the possibility of stochastic effects in excess of spontaneous ones, although, according to approximate estimates, with an insignificant frequency.
The purpose of this study was to determine to mean effective dosage for propofol and sevoflurane that leads to the generation of burst-suppression pattern on electroencephalogram and electrocorticogram in general anesthesia. It is established that effective dosages that cause the generation of intermittent activity on electroencephalogram exceed those for electrocorticogram. This trend is common both for sevoflurane and for propofol. Discrepancies in the dosage for general anesthetics causing the suppression of electrical activity on electroencephalogram and electrocorticogram defined the «dissociation» of recorded patterns. Simultaneous recording of electroencephalogram and electrocorticogram showed cortical burst-suppression pattern together with the continuous pattern on scalp electrodes. It is concluded that rating and systematization for suppression patterns on electroencephalogram and electrocorticogram should be built upon the common foundation, but with allowances made for technical specifics. Categorization of suppression phenomenon on electrocorticogram implies the critical amplitude to be 20 mkV, whereas for electroencephalogram it is 10 mkV. More formal proposed methods for assessment of intermittent patterns of brain electrical activity during general anesthesia are based on the specific tasks for intraoperative neuromonitoring. Excessive levels of sedation causing rough depression of electrical activity should be avoided, since they may lead to false-negative results of the neuromonitoring.
The The efficiency of antihypoxants for prophylactic use on the model of toxic pulmonary edema caused by the use of nitrogen oxide (IV) was studied. It was found that the antihypoxants amtizol (25 mg/kg) and cytoflavin (100 mg/kg for succinic acid), increase the daily survival of rats have a pronounced anti-edematous action. The use of cytoflavin and amtizol increased the daily survival rate to 50 and 40%, respectively. Antihypoxants amtizol and cytoflavin decreased the pulmonary coefficient and the degree of hydration of the lungs, increased the dry residue of the lungs. The coefficient of protection for cytoflavin was 1.33 and 1.28 for amtizol. The use of succinic acid at a dose of 25 and 100 mg/kg did not lead to a higher daily survival rate of the animals and significant change in gravimetric parameters in comparison with the control group.
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