Aim To investigate both caries prevalence and clinical consequences experienced by deprived children in the West Bank, using a child-centred approach. Materials and methods Children were invited by their social workers to attend free dental screening sessions held across clinics in the north of the West Bank. Data were collected using the dmft/DMFT and pufa/PUFA indices. Dental pain was reported by children using the Wong-Baker FACES® pain scale. Data were analysed using SPSS Version 22.0. Results Data were collected for 177 children aged 4 to 18 years. Caries prevalence was 95.5% with only eight children presenting clinically caries-free. The sample had a dmft of 3.88, and DMFT of 3.44. The Care Index was calculated at 0.1 (mft/ dmft). Clinical consequences of caries were identified in 64% of the sample, with a mean pufa score of 2.12, and a PUFA score of 0.55. Dental pain was experienced by 45% of children. Conclusion Deprived children living in the West Bank experience high levels of untreated dental caries, with significant clinical consequences and self-reported pain.

One of the most prevalent conditions affecting the oral mucosa is recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), which is characterized by uncomfortable ulcerations on the movable or non-keratinized oral mucosa. Objective: To compare mean platelet volume (MPV) in patients of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) versus healthy control. Methods: This non-probability sampling case-control research included 56 RAS patients and 56 healthy controls. Patients who presented for dental treatment and have RAS in oral cavity were included.  Patients with systemic inflammatory illnesses, autoimmune diseases like pemphigus, or infectious diseases like herpes who attended for dental treatment and exhibited RAS in the oral cavity were excluded. The healthy control group had no mouth ulcers or blood problems. A Student t-test compared MPV between cases and controls based on age, gender, and MPV. Results: The mean age of the participants was 29.35 ± 8.28 years, with 57 (50.89%) females and 55 (49.11%) males. The mean MPV in the RAS group (8.86 ± 0.33) was significantly higher (p < 0.001) than in the control group (6.95 ± 0.2). The univariable model coefficient of 1.91 (95% CI = 1.81-2.01, p < 0.001) indicates that the RAS group had a significantly higher MPV than the Control group. For gender, males had a lower MPV compared to females (β = -0.36), but it was not statistically significant (p = 0.056). Conclusions: RAS patients have higher platelet activity indicated by higher mean platelet volume (MPV) than healthy controls.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the spread and proportion of oral squamous cell carcinoma in oral lesions. Methods: Patient’s biopsies were collected from january2017 till July2017 from histopathology lab in public health care institute. Two types of specimens either submitted for diagnosis or post-operative analysis of the lesion were reported. The data of oral tissue biopsies was analyzed and cases were sorted on the basis of benign and malignant lesions. The incidence of cancer and benign lesions was reported as; gender, age and site. Results: Moderately differentiated histological subtype of oral squamous cell was found to be most prevailing in the middle age male population and the etiology and site were found to have the direct association. Conclusion: Our study reveals that male patients are more affected with the disease and the age group ranges from young to middle age individuals. The alteration in lifestyle, awareness and strict laws against the consumption of carcinogenic agents is necessary to address the problem. Keywords: Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Benign Lesion, Malignant Lesions, Biopsies

Objective: The aim of our study was to investigate the association between salivary flow rate in diabetes mellitus and the development of coronary artery disease. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was executed in the Cardiology Department of Civil Hospital Karachi. Unstimulated saliva was collected between 9 and 11 a.m. Participants were asked to refrain from eating and drinking for 1 hour before saliva collection. They were then instructed to collect 5 ml of unstimulated saliva in a 15 ml falcon tube for 10 minutes. Finally, the patient’s oral hygiene status was recorded by a dentist. Data was entered in SPSS version 21. Descriptive analysis and significance of relationship was analyzed using chi-square test. Results: Out of 100 myocardial infarct patients between the age range of 30-70 years, 71(71%) were male and 29 (29%) were female. Overall frequency of diabetes mellitus was 55%. Significant relationships were found between occurrence of myocardial infarction in diabetes mellitus, among salivary flow rate reduction and age of the patient, and salivary flow rate reduction and gender of patient Salivary flow reduction below 3mL/10 minute was found in 48 diabetic patients whereas 11 nondiabetic patients had this clinical finding. No significant relationship was found between occurrence of caries and periodontitis with presence of diabetes. Conclusion: Careful monitoring of the oral symptoms related to severity of DM particularly the salivary flow rate can be helpful in early diagnosis of patients at possibility of developing cardiovascular complications. Keywords: Myocardial infarction, unstimulated saliva, Type II DM, Salivary flow rate.

Objectives: To determine the oral health profile maintenance among patients attending Isra dental college Hyderabad. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Oral pathology department of Isra University Hospital Hyderabad. Period: May 2017 February 2018. Material & Methods: All the patients either of gender presented at dental OPD with any oral health problem were included in the study. Clinical examination was done among all patients. All the patients interviewed regarding duration of disease and maintenance of oral health including type of tooth paste, frequency of tooth paste and timing of tooth paste. All the data was entered in the profroma and analysed by SPSS version 20. Results: Total 539 patients were studied; their mean age was 28.34+33.12 years. Females were found in majority 83.9%. Sensitivity was among 36.2% patients, need of filling was among 42.9% patients, need of scaling was among 31.7%. According to periodontal status, gums bleeding were in 13.2% patients, plaque formation was in 33.6% patients and calculus was in 10.0% patients. fluorosis was seen among 7.6% patients, malocclusion was in 13.7% patients, needs of Orthodontic treatment was in 14.7% patients and needs prosthodontics treatment was seen in 3.3% patients. According to oral health maintenance techniques Colgate, miswak and multiple tooth pastes uses were most common. Oral health status was insignificantly associated with frequency of oral health techniques, only needs of scaling was significantly higher among occasionally users of oral health techniques p-value 0.021. Conclusion: It was concluded that occasionally oral health maintenance patients were at high risk of sensitively, need of scaling and need of filling. High female ratio involved in poor oral health status.