The research explored the gender stereotypical representation in curriculum and how the institutions of conventional depiction blemished the actual image and roles of both the sexes (female and male). For this purpose, Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) through the three-dimensional model of Norman Fairclough was applied to analyze the relationship between powerful (dominating, controlling) and powerless (feeble, submissive) social groups. The present research explored identities from Punjab Textbook Board (PTB) textbooks of the middle/elementary level to identify and comprehend gender ideology. The study focused on the textual aspects that contribute to the construction of conventional images and stereotypical behavior regarding gender ideology in children at their fledgling stage of life. The research concluded that females were disregarded and excluded from the textbooks and the textbooks portrayed a diminished image of women; whereas, the males were shown as authoritative and dominating in all the socially prestigious fields like, working and earning. The present study, thus, maintained that domination and power had gone with the male members of the society; whereas, the females were publicized as feeble and submissive, working and serving at home, and maintaining their domestic and conjugal images in the textbooks. Moreover, the research recommended the revision of educational policies, curriculum, and textbooks to impart a balanced worldview to children so that socially and emotionally balanced individuals may be developed through education.
This paper discusses the basic elements of a narrative by analyzing the short story "The Happy Prince" written by Oscar Wilde. The study, evaluation, and understanding of narrative are called narratology. Here in this paper, the narrative pattern of a short story is analyzed to elaborate narratology and its usage in narrative analysis. In the narrative analysis, the main focus is on the art of characterization, plot construction, narrative pattern of story, point of view and speech, thought presentation to make this short story more comprehensive and understandable for its readers. Special observation is made by representing some dialogues from the source text "The Happy Prince" by Oscar Wilde. In narratology the ideas of its main proponents such as Aristotle, Gerard Genette and Vladimir Propp are applied on source text to articulate the desired upshot. The aim to conduct this research is to illustrate narratology, narrative patterns and its application on literary text for its readers especially for the teachers and learners so that they can better interpret any narrative piece of writing.
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