Detection and isolation of Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus using mosquito inoculation and immunofluorescence techniques were attempted from female mosquitoes collected in JE endemic areas of Kolar and Mandya districts of Karnataka state, India, from 1985 to 1987. 65,388 mosquitoes consisting of 19 species in 1541 pools were processed. Of these, 18 pools showed the presence of JE virus antigen. JE virus was isolated from 9 pools, 3 of Culex gelidus, 2 of C. tritaeniorhynchus, and one each of C. quinquefasciatus, C. fuscocephala, C. vishnui and Anopheles peditaeniatus. Isolation of JE virus from C. gelidus, C. fuscocephala, C. quinquefasciatus and An. peditaeniatus is reported for the first time in India.
Overview: Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has emerged as a severely debilitating psychiatric disorder associated with critical illness. Little progress has been made in the treatment of post-intensive care unit (ICU) PTSD. Aim: To synthesize neurobiological evidence on the pathophysiology of PTSD and the brain areas involved, and to highlight the potential of music to treat post-ICU PTSD. Methods: Critical narrative review to elucidate an evidence-based neurobiological framework to inform the study of music interventions for PTSD post-ICU. Literature searches were performed in PubMed and CINAHL. The Scale for the Assessment of Narrative Review Articles (SANRA) guided reporting. Results: A dysfunctional HPA axis feedback loop, an increased amygdalic response, hippocampal atrophy, and a hypoactive prefrontal cortex contribute to PTSD symptoms. Playing or listening to music can stimulate neurogenesis and neuroplasticity, enhance brain recovery, and normalize stress response. Additionally, evidence supports effectiveness of music to improve coping and emotional regulation, decrease dissociation symptoms, reduce depression and anxiety levels, and overall reduce severity of PTSD symptoms. Conclusions: Despite the lack of music interventions for ICU survivors, music has the potential to help people suffering from PTSD by decreasing amygdala activity, improving hippocampal and prefrontal brain function, and balancing the HPA-axis.
Peppery, crispy mustard greens are indeed one of the most nutritious green leafy vegetable available during the winter season. The mustard greens similar to spinach and fenugreek are the storehouse of the number of phytonutrients and have health promotional and disease prevention properties. Five selections from germplasm lines from Uttarakhand hills were evaluated for leaf traits, micronutrient profile and anti-oxidative properties. These lines were very tall, late maturing and slow-growing. The maximum leaf area was found in EEC-1 (590.42 cm 2 ) by virtue of its broadleaf (21.89cm) with high protein (26.68%) and zinc content (2.73mg). EEC-5 showed the highest fresh leaf weight (66.53g) and maximum content of iron (20.23mg). With maximum leaf length (40.72cm), EEC-4 was identified as an excellent source of â-carotene (6480µg) which is precursor of vitamin A. Leafy mustard selection EEC-3 possessed the highest amount of micronutrients like phosphorous (720mg), calcium (240mg) and manganese (6.49mg). Fresh mustard greens were found to be an excellent source of antioxidant like flavonoids (EEC-4, 4.88mg) and also show very high total antioxidative activity (EEC-5, 20.09mg). Therefore, from the above investigation, it was found that green mustard leaves can serve as a healthy alternative to most of the winter season leafy vegetables with their high nutraceutical and disease defensive role.
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