SARS-CoV-2 infection associated respiratory disease- COVID-19 has evolved into a pandemic but, being a new form of virus, pathogenesis of disease causation is not fully understood and drugs and vaccines against this virus are still being tested so that no effective drugs or vaccines have been advised by regulatory authority. In this context, the Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India has recommended ‘ Ayush Kwath ’ to improve the immunity and combat the infection. Our objective of this literature review is to review the role of immunity in pathogenesis of COVID-19 and role of Ayush Kwath against the virus and regulation of immunity. Current review was conducted using a search of available literature on COVID-19 and immunity, Vyadhikshamatwa , Ayurveda and COVID-19, Rasayana , Coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, immunomodulatory effects of medicinal plants; Tulsi /Holy Basil/ Ocimum sanctum , Dalchini /Cinnamon/ Cinnamomum zeylanicum , Sunthi /Ginger/ Zingiber officinale and Marich /Black Pepper/ Piper nigrum . Ayurveda, being an ancient science have both medicinal and cultural values and had stimulated our kitchen and influenced what we ate in different seasons and the remedies we used for common ailments. Herbs such as Tulsi, Marich, Sunthi, Dalchini are the most commonly used and easily available drugs in home. Thus, Ayush Kwath due to its immune-modulatory, antiviral, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-platelet, anti-atherosclerotic, hepato-protective, reno-protective properties; seems to be effective in immuno-regulation for controlling viral infections like COVID-19. Further pre-clinical and clinical trials need to be done for the evaluation of safety and efficacy of this polyherbal formulation.
BackgroundThere are various COVID-19 vaccines launched in different parts of the world. As the vaccination drive is increasing, the reports of adverse events following immunization (AEFI) are increasingly reported. Therefore, this research aims to document the adverse events and their determinants following COVID-19 vaccination. MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study conducted in a primary healthcare setting of Western Nepal. Those individuals who took the first dose of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine in the health care center (N=425) were eligible for the study. The details to contact the study participants were obtained from the vaccination center. Patients were contacted via phone calls by investigators. Information on demographic details, comorbidities and experiences of any sort of adverse events following vaccination was collected using pre-structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics was done to describe the categorical variables in frequency and percentage whereas mean, median, standard deviation and interquartile range were calculated for quantitative variables. Binary logistic regression was carried out to explore the potential determinants of AEFI.
The COVID-19 vaccination campaign is going on in Nepal through different phases of immunisation. It has been observed that people are misusing antipyretics and analgesics with the fear of adverse events following immunisation. The possibility of antipyretics and analgesics blunting the antibody response of the human body can be a potential cause for lower immune response and thus a reason for lower efficacy of the vaccine. Prophylactic use of over-the-counter analgesics and antipyretics is to be discouraged until the data for or against its use is available.
A 21-year-old male from Nepal, with a history of travel to Mumbai 2 months ago, presented with fever with chills and rigors, vomiting and multiple joint pain for 1 week. Clinical examination was noteworthy for tachycardia, hypotension and positive tourniquet test. Lab reports showed NS1-Ag positive, thrombocytopenia, lymphocytosis, transaminesemia, hyperbilirubinemia, increased urea and creatinine. He was treated for severe dengue. His laboratory parameters started improving; however, he had fever with chills and rigors daily and persistent vomiting. Repeat peripheral smear for Malaria showed schizonts and trophozoites of Plasmodium vivax. He recovered following treatment with IV fluids and injection artesunate. The presence of fever even in a critical phase of dengue, the typical rise of temperature daily, and jaundice gave a clue of coinfection with Malaria. On follow-up, after 2 weeks, he had no symptoms, and all the laboratory parameters were normal.
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