Chylous ascites (CA) is a rare form of ascites that results from the leakage of lipid-rich lymph into the peritoneal cavity. This usually occurs due to trauma and rupture of the lymphatics or increased peritoneal lymphatic pressure secondary to obstruction. The underlying etiologies for CA have been classified as traumatic, congenital, infectious, neoplastic, postoperative, cirrhotic or cardiogenic. Since malignancy and cirrhosis account for about two-thirds of all the cases of CA in Western countries, in this article we have attempted to reclassify CA based on portal and non-portal etiologies. The diagnosis of CA is based on the distinct characteristic of the ascitic fluid which includes a milky appearance and a triglyceride level of >200 mg/dL. The management consists of identifying and treating the underlying disease process, dietary modification, and diuretics. Some studies have also supported the use of agents such as orlistat, somatostatin, octreotide and etilefrine. Paracentesis and surgical interventions in the form of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (commonly known as TIPS), peritoneal shunt, angiography with embolization of a leaking vessel, and laparotomy remain as treatment options for cases refractory to medical management.
SARS-CoV-2 infection associated respiratory disease- COVID-19 has evolved into a pandemic but, being a new form of virus, pathogenesis of disease causation is not fully understood and drugs and vaccines against this virus are still being tested so that no effective drugs or vaccines have been advised by regulatory authority. In this context, the Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India has recommended ‘ Ayush Kwath ’ to improve the immunity and combat the infection. Our objective of this literature review is to review the role of immunity in pathogenesis of COVID-19 and role of Ayush Kwath against the virus and regulation of immunity. Current review was conducted using a search of available literature on COVID-19 and immunity, Vyadhikshamatwa , Ayurveda and COVID-19, Rasayana , Coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, immunomodulatory effects of medicinal plants; Tulsi /Holy Basil/ Ocimum sanctum , Dalchini /Cinnamon/ Cinnamomum zeylanicum , Sunthi /Ginger/ Zingiber officinale and Marich /Black Pepper/ Piper nigrum . Ayurveda, being an ancient science have both medicinal and cultural values and had stimulated our kitchen and influenced what we ate in different seasons and the remedies we used for common ailments. Herbs such as Tulsi, Marich, Sunthi, Dalchini are the most commonly used and easily available drugs in home. Thus, Ayush Kwath due to its immune-modulatory, antiviral, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-platelet, anti-atherosclerotic, hepato-protective, reno-protective properties; seems to be effective in immuno-regulation for controlling viral infections like COVID-19. Further pre-clinical and clinical trials need to be done for the evaluation of safety and efficacy of this polyherbal formulation.
BackgroundThere are various COVID-19 vaccines launched in different parts of the world. As the vaccination drive is increasing, the reports of adverse events following immunization (AEFI) are increasingly reported. Therefore, this research aims to document the adverse events and their determinants following COVID-19 vaccination. MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study conducted in a primary healthcare setting of Western Nepal. Those individuals who took the first dose of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine in the health care center (N=425) were eligible for the study. The details to contact the study participants were obtained from the vaccination center. Patients were contacted via phone calls by investigators. Information on demographic details, comorbidities and experiences of any sort of adverse events following vaccination was collected using pre-structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics was done to describe the categorical variables in frequency and percentage whereas mean, median, standard deviation and interquartile range were calculated for quantitative variables. Binary logistic regression was carried out to explore the potential determinants of AEFI.
Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) infection pandemic has affected remarkable morbidity and mortality in a very short span of time. The overall disease profile and epidemiology is yet evolving but it seems to be highly infectious. Perinatal coronavirus infection is altogether a different perspective which has to be taken care of in a different way.
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