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A number of studies have investigated the effectiveness of dance in older adults in the context of healthy aging. Analysing results across studies is important to understand whether dance in older adults is an effective adjunctive intervention for the healthy aging. To summarize the current research results about the effectiveness of dance in older adults in the context of healthy aging, and to identify key areas for future research. The search was conducted in Web of Science, PubMed and Google Scholar databases, using the following search string and Boolean logic ('AND', 'OR') locating studies published between database inception and September 2018: Dance OR contemporary dance OR ballroom dance OR Latin dance OR standard dance OR hip-hop dance OR tango AND Cardiovascular OR circulation AND Emotion OR wellbeing OR blood pressure OR disease OR thrombosis OR vascular OR glucose OR blood OR cardiac OR mental OR heart rate. Two reviewers independently extracted studies data. Eight suitable publications were included. The results showed that dance promote improvements in cognitive parameters when compared to other types of exercise or no-exercise. Significant effects were found on some physiological parameters, even after a short intervention period. Dance proved to be able to assist older adults in the context of healthy aging. The improvements in the cognitive, physiological and motor control parameters are very relevant for this population, due to the impact in a better quality of life.

Late adulthood is associated with atrophy of brain areas, which contribute to cognitive deterioration and increase the risk of depression. On the other hand, aerobic exercise can improve learning and memory function, ameliorate mood, and prevent neurodegenerative changes. This study demonstrates the effect of Nordic walking (NW) and NW with poles with an integrated resistance shock absorber (NW with RSA) on aerobic capacity and body composition in postmenopausal women. It also measures the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) serum levels and determines correlations with cognitive functions and depression symptoms. These relationships with the use of NW with RSA as a new form of exercise have not been described thus far. In this study, 31 women (NW-16, NW with RSA-15) participated in eight weeks of training. The findings showed that only NW with RSA training caused a significant decrease in body mass and body mass index (p < 0.05). There were no significant changes in GDNF levels between groups studied. Regarding BDNF, a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the NW group and an increase (not statistically significant) in the NW with RSA group was found. A comparative analysis of cognitive and depression outcomes and changes in BDNF and GDNF concentration showed no significant differences in the efficacy of either form of training. Training loads resulted in a significant increase in VO 2 max in both the NW (p < 0.01) and NW with RSA (p < 0.05) groups. This indicates an improvement in cardiopulmonary efficiency of the examined women.

Do chronological age and selected socio-demographic factors affect quality of life in females with breast cancer?The main aim of this study is to determine whether chronological age and selected socio-demographic factors affect quality of life in females with breast cancer. The sample group consisted of 145 females between 32.0 and 84.4 years of age, after radical surgery treatment, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and undergoing hormonotherapy. The results indicate no significant differences between individuals varied by chronological age, and by place of residence. The time elapsed since the diagnosis was a significant differentiating factor in terms of the self-reported extent of positive emotions, cognitive problems and sexual functioning. Higher educated females were more inclined to social avoidance and more severely affected by fatigue - those with partners more so than single ones. The distress related to the disease and its treatment degrades the patients' quality of life so severely that other factors, such as socio-demographic, chronological age or period since diagnosis, do not play as an important role in a subjective evaluation of quality of life. One needs to be cognizant of the variety of coexisting factors, including psychological and characterological, that contribute to the quality of life evaluation.

The objective of this study was to assess the effect of 8-week long endurance training on the prooxidative–antioxidative status of plasma in women treated for breast cancer. The participants of the study were 12 women after radical mastectomy aged 45 to 56 years (M = 50.6 ± 2.9 years), who had undergone full cancer treatment, on average more than 5 years after the treatment (M = 5.9 ± 0.9 years). Body mass components were measured twice using the method of bioelectric impedance analysis. In order to optimize training loads and to assess the level of exercise tolerance of the participants, the group was subject to an ergospirometric exercise test twice, before (1st) and after (2nd) the completion of the training cycle. The blood was also taken twice for biochemical analyses. Statistically significant differences were noted in the maximum exercise load, the level of which increased in the second test (p < 0.05). No change was observed in the level of antioxidative potential, i.e., the content of some variables, ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), urea, total phenolics, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and in the blood indices of the body’s nutritional status during the project (total protein, albumin. Endurance training caused an increase in exercise tolerance and did not cause an aggravation of oxidative stress in women undergoing breast cancer treatment.

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The aim of this study was to create a Polish adaptation of the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia considering fatigue, and to verify the usefulness of the scale in the context of pain in cancer patients. The study was conducted at the Breast Cancer Unit, operating at the Greater Poland Cancer Centre, and at the Poznan Centre for Specialist Medical Services in Poznan. After considering the exclusion criteria, 100 people qualified for the interviews for the final study: 50 breast cancer patients and 50 healthy respondents (without cancer). Statistical analysis of the CFA score showed that the chi-square test was not significant (χ2 = 10.243, p = 0.332), indicating an acceptable fit of items across scales. The reliability of the internal consistency of the scales was tested by examining the Cronbach’s alpha scores for each question/statement. The mean values for this indicator were 0.74 for the pain-related scale and 0.84 for the fatigue-related scale. Construct validity was confirmed for the scales; AVE for the pain-related scale was 0.64 and for the fatigue-related scale was 0.68. The results suggest the validity of examining kinesiophobia in the context of pain- and fatigue-related mobility anxiety among breast cancer patients in Poland, and that the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia can be adapted for different dimensions of the condition. Both versions of the scale demonstrated adequately prepared parametric constructs, and all correlations showed a statistically significant relationship (p < 0.05). The use of the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia in oncology patient studies in Poland may ultimately improve rehabilitation programs and enable the development of strategies to assist patients in supporting treatment to reduce movement anxiety.

WprowadzenieKażdy człowiek pragnie być szczęśliwy, zadowolony, przeżywać jak najwięcej radosnych chwil. Jednak świadomość choroby, szczególnie choroby nowotworowej, wywołuje u ludzi skrajne emocje. Mastektomia i wynikające z procesu leczenia upośledzenie sprawności fizycznej oraz towarzyszący często obrzęk limfatyczny wpływają na poczucie mniejszej wartości przez kobiety dotknięte tą chorobą. Kobiety boją się utraty swojej atrakcyjności [2][3][4][5][6][7]. Często negatywnie postrzegają swój wygląd, co w konsekwencji wpływa na ocenę własnego ciała. Mają częściowo zawężony obszar dziedzin życia, które mogą przynosić im zadowolenie (zaprzestanie pracy zawodowej, utrata ról społecznych, samotność, zależność od innych). Jednym z nich może być udział w systematycznej aktywności fizycznej, którą zapewniają kluby zrzeszające kobiety po amputacji gruczołu piersiowego. Ruch pełni rolę eliminującą rzeczywiste, niekorzystne następstwa zabiegu oraz może wpływać stymulująco na poprawę stanu psychicznego kobiet [8][9][10]. IntroductionEvery human being wants to be happy, satisfied and experience as many joyful moments as possible. However, consciousness of diseases, especially a neoplastic disease, results in extreme emotions. Mastectomy and following impairment of physical abilities and concomitant lymphatic edema make feel women after mastectomy inferior to their healthy peers. Women fear of becoming unattractive [2][3][4][5][6][7]. They often perceive their looks and body in a negative way. Women after mastectomy often feel socially limitedthey quit their job, social roles, become lonely and dependent of other people. Yet, systematic physical activity organized by Amazon clubs helps in restoring happiness to the life of women after mastectomy. Physical activity counteracts the negative physical consequences of mastectomy and stimulates improvement of women's psychic condition [8][9][10].Both epidemiologic examinations and well controlled experimental studies show relationships between physical 2011 , 19, 1, 28-40 ISSN 1230 28 Związek poczucia jakości życia z aktywnością fizyczną dojrzałych kobietRelationship between the quality of life and physical activity in mature women Streszczenie:Celem pracy jest określenie, w jakim stopniu podejmowanie aktywności fizycznej ma związek z poczuciem jakości życia kobiet zdrowych i po leczeniu raka piersi. Badaniami objęto 196 kobiet, w tym 94 kobiety po mastektomii. Na podstawie Międzynarodowego Kwestionariusza Aktywności Fizycznej podzielono badane kobiety, w każdej z analizowanych grup, na aktywne i nieaktywne ruchowo. Poczucie jakości życia określono na podstawie kwestionariusza Jakości Życia wg Kowalika [1]. Wyniki: 1. Większość badanych kobiet pozytywnie ocenia swoje życie, przy tym wyższą satysfakcję odczuwają kobiety zdrowe. 2. Amazonki aktywne i nieaktywne ruchowo istotnie różnią się w satysfakcji i odczuwaniu pozytywnych i negatywnych emocji. Natomiast u kobiet zdrowych udział w aktywności fizycznej nie różnicował istotnie ich poczucia jakości życia. Wniosek: można uznać, że ...