Physical Activity and its Relation to Cancer Risk: Updating the Evidence

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Clinical, Laboratory Biomarkers and Imaging Findings of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma in Iran

Hadizadeh

Padashi²,

Alizadeh³

et al. 2014

“…The prevalence of obesity and excess weight increases with age. A study showed that 34.8% of adults 40 to 59 years old and 35.2% of 60 to 79 years old are obese (Ogden et al, 2007) and it is concluded that physical activities have protective effect on cancer (Kruk and Czerniak, 2013) Endometrial hyperplasia (EH), which is thought to be caused by the prolonged, unopposed estrogenic stimulation of the endometrium, is a known risk factor for the development of endometrial cancer, particularly atypical EH, with a subsequent risk of up to 30% (Heller et al, 2011). It is established in literature that endometrial polyps (EP) and carcinoma may coexist in the same patient therefore sampling is necessary in patients with EP during menopausal period (Reinhold and Khalili 2002;Dubinsky et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Endometrial Precancerous Lesions in Postmenopausal Obese Women - A High Risk Group?

Açmaz¹,

Aksoy²,

Albayrak³

et al. 2014

Aim: To evaluate precancerous lesions such as hyperplasia and endometrial polyps in obese postmenopausal women. Materials and Methods: Women who were referred with abnormal uterine bleeding in postmenopausal period or the presence of endometrial cells on cervical cytology in our department were investigated. Anthropometric measurements such as height, weight, body mass index, waist/hip ratio and endometrial thickness were compared between a precancerous lesion (hyperplasia and endometrial polyp) group and a pathologically normal group. Results: We detected statistically significant thickening of endometrium in patients with precancerous lesions. Moreover patients with precancerous lesions had higher body mass index than the pathologically normal group. Conclusions: We found elevated precancerous lesion rates in overweight and obese women in the postmenopausal period, of interest given that the prevalence of obesity is increasing in most parts of the world. Although screening for endometrial cancer is not recommended for the general population, in high-risk populations like obese postmenopausal women, it may be very important.

“…Physical activity appears to impact all stage of carcinogenesis (Kruk and Czerniak, 2013). Glucose metabolism dysregulation is a feature of malignant cancer that results in decreased insulin sensitivity and IR.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insulin Resistance Reduces Sensitivity to Cis-Platinum and Promotes Adhesion, Migration and Invasion in HepG2 Cells

Li²,

Wei³

et al. 2014

The liver is normally the major site of glucose metabolism in intact organisms and the most important target organ for the action of insulin. It has been widely accepted that insulin resistance (IR) is closely associated with postoperative recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the relationship between IR and drug resistance in liver cancer cells is unclear. In the present study, IR was induced in HepG2 cells via incubation with a high concentration of insulin. Once the insulin-resistant cell line was established, the stability of HepG2/ IR cells was further tested via incubation in insulin-free medium for another 72h. Afterwards, the biological effects of insulin resistance on adhesion, migration, invasion and sensitivity to cis-platinum (DDP) of cells were determined. The results indicated that glucose consumption was reduced in insulin-resistant cells. In addition, the expression of the insulin receptor and glucose transportor-2 was downregulated. Furthermore, HepG2/IR cells displayed markedly enhanced adhesion, migration, and invasion. Most importantly, these cells exhibited a lower sensitivity to DDP. By contrast, HepG2/IR cells exhibited decreased adhesion and invasion after treatment with the insulin sensitizer pioglitazone hydrochloride. The results suggest that IR is closely related to drug resistance as well as adhesion, migration, and invasion in HepG2 cells. These findings may help explain the clinical observation of limited efficacy for chemotherapy on a background of IR, which promotes the invasion and migration of cancer cells.