Uterine Arteriovenous Malformations (AVMs) are rare but life threatening causes of abnormal vaginal bleeding. Accurate clinical and radiological diagnosis is essential because uterine instrumentation that is often used for management of other sources of abnormal bleeding, can lead to massive hemorrhage. Timely diagnosis and early proper treatment can markedly reduce the associated disease mortality. Ultrasound with colour and spectral doppler is the initial imaging modality of choice. Three-dimensional computed tomography (CT) angiography can determine the actual extent of the vascular malformation and helps in pre-interventional planning noninvasively. Uterine AVM can be either congenital or acquired in nature with latter being more common. We hereby report two cases of acquired AVMs diagnosed by color doppler sonography and confirmed by three-dimensional CT angiography. Both the cases reported here had previous history of dilation and curettage for abortion. Clinically one patient presented with profuse uterine bleeding and another with meno-metrorrhagia and both cases underwent surgical removal of uterus.

Introduction: High resolution ultrasound is the most sensitive imaging test available for the examination of the thyroid gland and due to increase in use of ultrasound more incidental thyroid nodules are diagnosed. In this study we try to establish the specific grayscale, color and spectral Doppler characteristics of malignant and benign thyroid nodules. Aim:To determine the specific gray scale characteristics, angio architecture and cutoff values of Doppler indices of malignant and benign thyroid nodules. To assess the efficacy of grayscale, Doppler and combined conventional and Doppler using defined criteria in differentiating malignant from benign nodules. Materials and Methods:We prospectively examined 194 thyroid nodules which were confirmed on FNAC. Each nodule was described according to size, number, contents, echogenicity, margins, halo, shape, calcification, local infiltration and lymphnode enlargement. Vascularity, RI and PI values of each nodule were assessed on Doppler. Each nodule was characterized as benign, indeterminate or malignant based on grayscale and Doppler characteristics. Cutoff RI and PI values for malignant thyroid nodules were obtained by ROC.

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