A Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG), part of a wind turbine, has a function to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. To rotate the first cycle, the generator is blocked by an opponent torque called detent torque/unload torque or cogging torque . This study aim to reduce the cogging torque, modifying teeth formation on the surface of stator teeth. Simulation of the model used Finite Element Magnetic Method (FEMM) 4.2 software. From the simulation results of the reference and proposed models showed that half cylinder shape of the anti-notch (1 st model) reduce cogging torque until 93.42% positive peak and 97.75% of negative peak from the reference model.
The air gap length of the designed axial flux wound rotor (AFWR) synchronous generator is determined properly according to the design parameters. One of the distinct advantages of an axial flux (AF) machine is its adjustable air gap. An AF generator's performance might be controlled by adjusting its air gap. The designed generator has a smallscale capacity that has 1 kW, 380 V, and 50 Hz. The windings are laid into slots made from laminated core. The slots are carved in the face of the stator and rotors. The generator has a single-double-sided slotted wound stator sandwiched between twin rotors. The effect of air gap changes on its performance can be seen from the calculation results using the given equations. The results reveal electric quantities suited to the machine's effective performance. The smaller the air gap, the greater the efficiency and power factor and the smaller the armature current and voltage. The efficiency and armature current for 0.1 cm air gap are 85.30 % and 1.815 A, respectively. Abstrak Penentuan Lebar Celah Udara Generator Sinkron Fluks Aksial Rotor Belitan. Lebar celah udara generator sinkron fluks aksial rotor belitan (AFWR) perlu ditentukan dengan tepat sesuai dengan parameter desain. Salah satu kelebihan dari mesin fluks aksial (AF) adalah celah udaranya yang dapat diatur. Kinerja generator AF dapat diatur dengan mengatur celah udaranya. Generator yang dirancang merupakan mesin berkapasitas skala kecil yang memiliki 1 kW, 380 V, dan 50 Hz. Belitan-belitannya diletakkan didalam alur yang terbuat dari inti besi laminasi. Alur-alurnya terletak pada permukaan stator dan rotor. Generator tersebut memiliki satu stator belitan beralur dua sisi yang terletak diantara dua rotor. Pengaruh perubahan celah udara terhadap kinerjanya dapat dilihat dari hasil perhitungan dengan menggunakan persamaan-persamaan tertentu. Hasilnya menunjukkan besaran listrik yang sesuai dengan kinerja efektif mesin. Semakin kecil celah udara, semakin besar efisiensi dan faktor daya sedangkan arus armatur dan tegangannya semakin kecil. Efisiensi dan arus armatur pada celah udara 0,1 cm masing-masing adalah 85,30% dan 1,815 A
This paper aims to analyze the performance of the Renewable Energy Power Plants which are consist of PLTS and PLTB 12V/100W that supplies power into DC microgrid. Before supplying the power, each power plant was tested in no-load and on-load conditions. On the DC microgrid is tested burden sharing between the PLTS and PLTB by considering the capacity of each battery. The PLTS's test results indicate that 12V 80W of solar cell that facing to the east direction on June 2010was producing electric current in the largest average number (1.954 A) and charging the 12V, 45 Ah of battery for 23 hours, faster than if faced it to the other direction. The voltage decreased occurring on PLTS and PLTB by 9.4% and 8.4% of the nominal voltage of 12V when they burdened with 80% of nominal load 100W. This happens due Load which connected into the direct current electricity micro grid, get the power supply from PLTS and PLTB on which each power plant equipped with the batteries at the same capacity 12V 45Ah. On no-load conditions, PLTS and PLTB charging the battery, while on loaded conditions, the electric current which generated by both power plants flowed into the load, with the division of electric power that supplied into the load depends on each battery’s power. Power plants with a larger charging battery supplying power greater than the power plants with a smaller charging battery. Keywords Renewable energy, microgrid, direct current, the performance ABSTRAK Paper ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kinerja dari Pembangkit Listrik Energi Terbarukan yang terdiri dari PLTS dan PLTB 12V/80W yang akan memasok daya ke jaringan listrik mikro arus searah. Sebelum memasok daya, masing-masing pembangkit diuji dalam kondisi tanpa beban dan berbeban. Pada jaringan listrik diuji pembagian beban antara PLTS dan PLTB dengan mempertimbangkan kapasitas baterai masing-masing. Hasil pengujian PLTS menunjukkan peletakan sel surya 12V, 80W ke arah timur pada bulan Juni 2010 menghasilkan arus rata-rata terbesar (1,954A) dan mengisi baterai 12V, 45Ah selama 23 jam, lebih cepat dibanding ke arah lain. PLTS dan PLTB mengalami penurunan tegangan sebesar 9,4% dan 8,4% dari tegangan DC nominal 12V pada saat dibebani 80% dari beban nominal 100W. Hal jaringan listrik mikro arus searah memperoleh pasokan daya dari PLTS dan PLTB yang masing-masing dilengkapi baterai dengan kapasitas sama 12V, 45Ah. Pada kondisi tanpa beban, PLTS dan PLTB mengisi baterai, sedangkan pada kondisi berbeban, arus yang dihasilkan kedua pembangkit mengalir ke beban, dengan pembagian pasokan daya ke beban tergantung muatan baterai masing-masing. Pembangkit dengan baterai bermuatan besar memasok daya lebih besar dibanding pembangkit dengan baterai bermuatan lebih kecil. Kata kunci: Energi terbarukan, jaringan listrik mikro, arus searah, kinerja
The application of renewable energy sources, such as photovoltaic and wind energy sources, is rapidly increasing, specially in insuring energy demands in small isolated power systems located in remote areas. The rapid growth of renewable energy sources utilization is mainly influenced by public support due to environmental concerns, leading to governmental policies implemented to promote renewable energy. With increasing utilization of renewable energy sources, it becomes increasingly important to make decisions on their application as evaluation. This paper presents analyses of wind a turbine generator simulator in DC micro grade, where the wind speed is simulated by a 2,2 kW DC Motor with its rotation speed being controlled while the wind turbine plant is a 3 phase 1,5 kW generator and the electric load is maximum 500 watts. Keywords: Renewable energy sources, Simulation, Wind Power Plant,DC bush ABSTRAK Kebutuhan energi listrik terus bertambah sedang sumber energi fosil yang tersedia untuk membangkitkannya makin terbatas. Untuk itu sumber energi terbarukan seperti solar sel dan energi angin, menjadi suatu sumber energi listrik alternatif , khususnya dalam memenuhi kebutuhan energi dalam sistem energi kecil yang terletak di daerah terisolasi Perkembangan penggunaan sumber energi terbarukan akan meningkat dengan cepat bila didukungan masyarakat, terutama menyangkut masalah lingkungan hidup yang mengarah pada kebijakan politik pemerintah dalam mempromosikan energi terbarukan. Dengan meningkatnya penggunaan sumber energi terbarukan, menjadi semakin penting untuk membuat keputusan mengenai penerapannya sebagai bahan evaluasi. Makalah ini menyajikan analisis kinerja simulator generator turbin angin pada jaringan listrik mikro arus searah , dimana kecepatan angin disimulasikan dengan mengunakan motor arus searah 2,2 kW yang dikendalikan kecepatannya sedangkan PLTB nya berupa generator 3 fasa 1,5 kW dan beban listrik maksimum 500 Watt. Kata kunci : Sumber energi terbarukan, Simulasi , PLTB , jaringan mikro arus searah.
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