ABSTRAKT: Zielona infrastruktura (ZI) jest stosunkowo nową ideą, która promuje inne niż dotychczas zarządzanie terenami naturalnymi i półnaturalnymi. Jej głównym celem jest poprawa jakości życia na obszarach zurbanizowanych z wykorzystaniem elementów przyrodniczych. Takie działanie bezsprzecznie wpisuje się w zasadę zrównoważonego rozwoju. Korzyści z zastosowania zielonej infrastruktury powinny determinować podejmowanie polityk przestrzennych w tym zakresie. Szczególnie istotną kwestią przemawiającą na korzyść ZI jest jej wielofunkcyjność, która jest niezmiernie ważna dla jej wprowadzania do struktury funkcjonalno-przestrzennej obszarów zurbanizowanych. Wyróżniono sześć najważniejszych grup funkcji, jakie pełni zielona infrastruktura: strukturotwórcze, środowiskotwórcze, społeczne, ekonomiczne, produkcyjne i techniczne. SŁOWA KLUCZOWE: zielona infrastruktura, zrównoważony rozwój, planowanie przestrzenne ABSTRACT: Green infrastructure is a relatively new idea that promotes alternatives to the management of natural and quasi-natural terrains. Its main goal is to improve the quality of life in urban areas by taking advantage of natural elements. This approach undoubtedly goes along with the principles of sustainable development. The advantages of green infrastructure should be allowed to determine public policy implementation in this respect. In particular, one of the main advantages of green infrastructure is its multifunctionality. Given this and other advantages, it is immensely important to implement green infrastructure in urban structural development. Six of the most important approaches have been selected to demonstrate the key functions of green infrastructure: structural-forming, environmental, social, economic, production and technical.
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The accessibility of websites and other sources of information for people with disabilities is crucial nowadays due to a significant percentage of society being at risk of social exclusion. The article tries to answer how the entities obliged to apply the accessibility guidelines perceive their duties in this regard. WCAG guidelines in version 2.0 and version 2.1 are presented. The legal acts that oblige entities to use them are analyzed. The author also examines how the guidelines and regulations are interpreted by randomly selected units of the public finance sector by analyzing their websites with the help of a validator chosen from the list maintained by the organization that developed the WCAG guidelines. As part of the study, a questionnaire survey was also carried out among students of IT programs. It was aimed at determining the state of their knowledge and preparedness for publication of web content in accordance with the accessibility standards. Interviews were conducted as well with practitioners creating, implementing, and maintaining internet portals of public institutions. The research allowed for identifying problems related to implementing the guidelines and proposing some actions to solve them.
Data envelopment analysis is a non-parametric linear programming-based technique used for measuring the relative performance of organizational units where the presence of multiple inputs and outputs makes comparisons difficult. The aim of this paper is to apply Data envelopment analysis in order to measure the efficiency of University Libraries. The panel data of five University Libraries for years 2002 and 2003 has been estimated. We identified six inputs and three outputs. The input variables are staff, print edition expenses, electronic edition expenses, building space, wages, library technical equipment. As output variables we estimated: number of registered readers, number of customers served, number of borrowed items. We found that three libraries form the efficiency frontier and the other two are inefficient for 2002 and 2003. A benchmark model is recommended for inefficient units.
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