The aim of this study is to evaluate the changes in intraocular pressure (IOP), central corneal thickness (CCT), and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) in patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis (HD). A complete ophthalmological examination together with IOP, CCT, and RNFLT measurements were performed for each patient both before and after HD sessions. RNFLT parameters were detected by scanning laser polarimeter. Total body weight and serum osmolality were also measured. Only the left eyes were recruited for statistical analysis. Thirty-three eyes of 33 patients were enrolled in the study. Mean IOP decreased from 14.7 +/- 3.1 to 13.4 +/- 2.4 mmHg after HD (paired t test, P = 0.005). Mean CCT also decreased significantly after HD, from 556.5 +/- 33.5 to 550.2 +/- 34.6 mum (paired t test, P = 0.002). CCT change in the left eyes was found to be correlated with total body volume loss (Pearson correlation test, R = 0.391 and P = 0.030). Considering RNFLT parameters before and after HD, no significant alterations were detected by scanning laser polarimeter (paired t test, P > 0.05). We conclude that IOP may decrease to some extent after HD. CCT may be affected by fluid loss after HD sessions, with a resultant decrease in corneal thickness. In patients with chronic renal failure undergoing HD, RNFLT parameters can be measured as in healthy individuals. Underestimation of intraocular pressure values after HD sessions should be taken into account, especially in patients with chronic renal failure.

Dry eye and irritational symptoms are major ocular symptoms in CRF patients. Serum calcium and phosphate levels seem to have a prognostic importance for the ocular findings and symptoms in patients with CRF.

Deepening of the anterior chamber and widening of the nasal and temporal angles after cataract extraction was shown on AS-OCT.

Aim. To evaluate the acute effects of cigarette smoking on photopic and mesopic pupil sizes and wavefront aberrations. Methods. Cigarette smoker volunteers were recruited in the study. Photopic and mesopic pupil sizes and total ocular aberrations were measured before smoking and immediately after smoking. All volunteers were asked to smoke a single cigarette containing 1.0 mg nicotine. Pupil sizes and total ocular aberrations were assessed by optical path difference scanning system (OPD-Scan II ARK-10000, NIDEK). Only the right eyes were considered for statistical analysis. The changes of pupil size and total ocular aberrations after smoking were tested for significance by Wilcoxon signed ranks test. Results. Mean photopic pupil size decreased from 3.52 ± 0.73 mm to 3.29 ± 0.58 mm (P = 0.001) after smoking. Mean mesopic pupil size was also decreased from 6.42 ± 0.75 mm to 6.14 ± 0.75 mm after smoking (P = 0.001). There was a decrease in all the measured components of aberrations (total wavefront aberration, higher-order aberration, total coma, total trefoil, total tetrafoil, total spherical aberration and total higher-order aberration) after smoking; however the differences were insignificant for all (P > 0.05). Conclusion. Our results indicate that pupil constricts after smoking. On the other hand, smoking does not alter ocular aberrations.

Background: A prospective evaluation of the pattern of fundus autofluorescence in cases of acute versus chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSR). Methods: A prospective, cross-sectional, single-centre investigation was performed using three diagnostic techniques, namely, fundus autofluorescence, optical coherence tomography and fundus fluorescein angiography to evaluate a sample of patients (n = 42 eyes) with both acute (n = 25 eyes) and chronic (n = 17 eyes) CSR. Results: Hypoautofluoresecence was found in 80 per cent (20 eyes) and 88.2 per cent (15 eyes) of eyes in the acute and chronic central serous chorioretinopathy groups, respectively, corresponding to the leakage points depicted by fluorescein angiography. Hypoautofluoresence corresponding to the areas of subretinal fluid accumulation was seen in 92 per cent (23 eyes) and 82.3 per cent (14 eyes) of the acute and chronic central serous chorioretinopathy groups, respectively. In two eyes (11.6 per cent) with chronic CSR, hyperautofluorescent changes were noted at the previous leakage points. In the acute CSR group, speckled hyperautofluorescence was detected in nine eyes (36 per cent) after the resolution of subretinal fluid. In the chronic CSR group, simultaneous speckled hyperautofluorescence was detected in the previous areas of subretinal fluid accumulation in 12 eyes (70.5 per cent). Conclusion: Fundus autofluorescence imaging delineates endogenous fluorescence derived mainly from lipofuscin within the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) layer and therefore permits evaluation of functional alterations in the RPE in numerous retinal diseases. Data from fundus autofluorescence revealed distinctive findings in acute and chronic CSR. Fundus autofluorescence imaging may be used as a supplementary diagnostic tool for identifying patients with CSR and differentiation may be made between acute and chronic cases.