In this research, the mineral and organic composition of the seminal plasma, physical spermatological parameters and their physiological relationships were investigated in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). The seminal plasma contained 98.14 AE 5.23 mM L À 1 (Na 1 ), 380.85 AE 25.95 mM L À 1 (K 1 ), 30.25 AE 4.96 mg dL À 1 (Ca 21 ), 19.16 AE 1.70 mEq L À 1 (Mg 21 ), 1.36 AE 0.11mg dL À 1 glucose, 0.37 AE 0.08 g dL À 1 total protein,12.02 AE 1.18 mg dL À 1 cholesterol,14.85 AE 1.50 mg dL À 1 triglyceride and 43.5 AE 9.56 mg dL À 1 urea. The following spermatological parameters were found: sperm volume 14.44 AE 1.16 mL, sperm motility 80.60 AE 1.55%, movement duration 67.68 AE 4.32 s, density 15.43 AE 0.72 Â 10 9 mL À 1 , total density 337.43145.86 Â 10 9 and pH 7.24 AE 0.17. The Na 1 and Ca 21 ions correlated negatively with spermatozoa motility (r 5 À 0.453, P40.05 and r 5 À 0.192, P40.05) respectively. The K 1 ion correlated positively with spermatozoa motility (r 5 0.545, P40.05). But a statistically signi¢cant correlation was not observed between sperm motility and seminal plasma parameters. The following correlations were observed between mineral and organic components. The Mg 21 was positively correlated with glucose and cholesterol (r 5 0.692, Po0.05 and r 5 0.680, Po0.05) respectively. A highly signi¢cant positive relationship was also found between Mg 21 and total protein (r 5 0.837, Po0.01). On the other hand, a signi¢cantly negative relationship was found between Ca 21 and triglyceride (r 5 À 0.639, Po0.05). These parameters should be considered when developing procedures for either arti¢cial fertilization or for cryopreservation of grass carp sperm.

Introduction: The study intends to observe the frequency of preanalytical phase errors both inside and outside the clinical laboratory according to certain quality indicators (QIs). Methods: The one-week observation focused on 73 nurses drawing blood from 337 patients. It was performed in two stages: the observation of blood collection up to the receipt of the samples, and the receipt of the samples up to the analytical phase. The data pertaining to the number of patients, tests, and rejection rates were obtained from the laboratory information system (LIS) for the one-week and the one-year period and compared with the observational data. Results: The process of blood sample collection from 337 patients taken into 1347 tubes was observed. Although the majority of the nurses (78%) used safety needles, the safety mechanism was properly activated only in 38% of the interventions. Evaluation of biochemistry tubes (n=971) revealed the following: the incorrect fill volume error was 40%; the hemolysis was seen by 17%, and the clotted sample and fibrin were observed by 6%. The incorrect fill volume error was 12% and 20% in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and citrated tubes, respectively. Clotted samples and platelet clumps were seen in 1% of EDTA tubes. Conclusion: The study confirms the relative frequency of preanalytical phase error occurring inside and outside of the laboratory.

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Our data suggest that prepubertal boys with CDPG have normal bone turnover. However, their significantly higher urinary D-pyd levels relative to those of FSS and control groups might be an indicator of later development of osteoporosis. Therefore, long-term follow-up studies monitoring bone mineral status of prepubertal boys with CDPG from prepuberty to adulthood are needed to better understand bone metabolism of these patients.

Maskeli hipertansiyonun erken tanısı için ambulatuvar kan basıncı monitorizasyonu (ABPM) yapılması önemlidir. Bu çalışmamızın amacı maskeli hipertansiyon da hedef organ hasarı sıklığını belirlemek ve erken evrede çocukluk çağında izlem stratejilerini ortaya koymaktır. Yöntemler: Çalışmaya 6-17 yaş arasında olup kliniğimize hipertansiyon şüphesi ile gönderilen 120 çocuk hasta alındı. Tüm hastaların ofis kan basıncı ölçümleri gerçekleştirildi. Hipertansiyonu olan hastaların hedef organ hasarı taramaları yapıldı. Hastaların kan basıncı ölçümleri Vicorder ile yapıldı ve ABPM uygulandı. Bulgular: ABPM sonuçlarına göre 120 hastadan 82'si hipertansif bulunurken, klinikte 120 hastanın 59'u hipertansif idi. Maskeli hipertansiyon sıklığı % 42,7 (n=44), beyaz önlük hipertansiyon sıklığı %20,3 (n=21), ABPM'de hipertansiyon sıklığı %36,8 (n=38) olarak bulundu. Karotid intima media kalınlık artışı en sıklıkla görülen erken vasküler değişiklikti. Hipertansif retinopati 29 (%24) hastada, mikroalbuminüri 21(%20,4), artmış sol ventriküler kitle indeksi 13 (%10,8) hastada tespit edildi. Maskeli hipertansiyonu olan hastalarda hipertansif retinopati sıklığı daha yüksek olup, daha sıklıkla karotid intima media kalınlığı ve augmentasyon indekslerinde artışa rastlandı. Sonuç: Sonuç olarak, çalışmamızda çocuklarda maskeli hipertansiyon sıklığı literatürde bildirilenden daha yüksek bulundu. Anahtar kelimeler: Çocuk, maskeli hipertansiyon, ambulatuvar kan basıncı ölçümü, hedef organ hasarı ABSTRACT Objective: Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) is important for the early diagnosis of masked hypertension. In present study, we aimed to determine the frequency of target organ damage in masked hypertension and establish a follow-up strategy in the early-stage for children. Methods: The study population consisted of children and adolescents who were referred to our clinic for evaluation of suspected hypertension. A total of 120 children and adolescents aged 6-17 years were investigated. Office blood pressure measurements were performed in all patients. Patients' hypertension was evaluated with regard to target organ damage. Measurements were performed using Vicorder device. Patients underwent 24 h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Results: ABPM revealed that 82 of 120 patients had hypertension. Hypertension was detected in 59 of 120 patients, by conventional blood pressure measurements. The frequency of masked hypertension was 42.7% (n=44), white coat hypertension 20.3% (n=21), and high ambulatory blood pressure was 36.8% (n=38). Increased carotid intima-media thickness was most frequently observed during the evaluation of early vascular changes in patients. We identified hypertensive retinopathy in 29 patients (24%), microalbuminuria in 21 (20.4%), and increased left ventricular mass index in 13 patients (10.8%). The frequency of hypertensive retinopathy was high, and increased carotid intima-media thickness and augmentation index were more common in masked hypertension. Conclusion: In this study, higher frequency of masked hyperte...