The purpose of this study was to formulate Cefaclor monohydrate (CEF) loaded microemulsion formulations with the help of pseudo-ternary phase diagrams for topical application. Additionally, in this study also a new ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) method was developed for the determination of CEF, which was not previously entered into the literature. The droplet size, polydispersity index, pH, rheology, drug content, FT-IR, dissolution study and release kinetic study have been used in the characterization of microemulsion. The UPLC method developed was validated for linearity, specificity, precision, sensitivity, accuracy, range and robustness. Linearity was determined to be at a concentration range of 5-55 μg.mL-1. The method developed was decided to be precise due to RSD values of <2%. Recovery of the method was satisfactory owing to <2%RSD value. The drug content was found to be in the range of 99.54-100.01% in stability study, indicating the uniformity of the high drug content. The release of CEF from microemulsion showed conformity with the zero-order kinetics. The droplet size of the formulations were measured ranged in 170.6-174.4 nm. The droplet size distribution of the formulations were observed range in 0.154-0.150. The results showed that nano-sized and monodisperse formulations were prepared. The storage stability of CEF loaded optimum microemulsion was followed to ICH Q1(R2) at 251C/60%5% relative humidity up to sixmonths. As a result of the stability study, microemulsion was found to be physically and chemically stable. According to the results, microemulsion formulation prepared have longer release times than the release of pure CEF.

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Objective: The purpose of this study was to formulate flurbiprofen (FLB) loaded methylcellulose (MC), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and Carbopol®940 (C-940) based gel formulations with the help of dispersion method for topical application. Additionally, in this study also a new ultra performance liquid chromatography method was developed for the determination of FLB, which was not previously entered into the literature.Method: FLB loaded gel formulations with the help of dispersion method for topical application and to characterize the formulations according to physical appearance, pH, rheology, drug content, dissolution study and release kinetic study with the DDSolver software program. The UPLC method developed was validated for linearity, specificity, precision, sensitivity, accuracy, range and robustness.Results: Linearity was determined to be at a concentration range of 5-50 µg.mL -1 . The method developed for FLB was decided to be precise due to RSD values of <2%. Recovery of the method was satisfactory owing to <2%RSD value. The drug content was found to be in the range of 98.14-99.02% indicating the uniformity of the high drug content. At the 6th hour in dissolution study, the FLB release from gels prepared with MC, HPMC, C-940 reached 99.7%,99.5% and 87.60%, respectively. In the release kinetic tests with DDSolver, the release of gels prepared with MC and HPMC showed conformity with the weibull model, whereas the gel formulation prepared with C-940 showed a zero-order kinetics. Conclusion:According to the results, all gel formulations prepared have longer release times than the release of pure FLB.

Ocular allergy is one of the most common disorders of the eye surface. Following diagnosis this condition is typically treated with preparations containing antihistamines. However, anatomy of the eye and its natural protective mechanisms create challenges for ocular drug delivery. Rapid elimination of antihistamine substances due to short residency times following application can lead to insufficient treatment of ocular allergies. With this in mind, the aim of this study was to prepare a controlled ocular delivery system to extend the retention time of olopatadine hydrochloride (OLO) and in doing so to reduce the need for frequent application. We developed extended-release ocular in situ gelling systems for which in vivo retention times were determined in sheep following in vitro characterization and cytotoxicity studies. In vivo results were then compared to commercially available Patanol eye drops. the transparent gels formulated using appropriate amounts of polymers and having longer ocular retention times appear to be a viable alternative to commercially available eye drops.

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