The advances in the arena of biomedical engineering enable us to fabricate novel biomaterials that provide a suitable platform for rapid bone regeneration. Herein, we have investigated the in vitro and in vivo osteogenic differentiation, proliferation, and bone regeneration capability of molybdenum disulfide nanosheets (MoS 2 NSs) reinforced HAP nanocomposite scaffolds. The MG-63 cells were incubated with HAP and HAP/MoS 2 NSs nanocomposite and followed for various cellular activities. The cells incubated with HAP@2 shows higher cell adhesion, cell proliferation, and alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) in contrast to HAP. The in vivo and in vitro results of the increased ALP level confirm that HAP@2 promotes osteogenic differentiation. This improved osteogenesis was validated with upregulation of osteogenic marker viz. transcription factor, RUNX-2 (∼34 fold), collagen-1 (∼15 fold), osteopontin (∼11 fold), osteocalcin (∼20 fold), and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (∼12 fold) after 12 week postimplantation in comparison to drilled. The X-ray imaging demonstrates that HAP@2 implants promote rapid osteogenesis and bioresorbability than HAP and drilled. The outcomes of the present study provide a promising tool for the regeneration of bone deformities, without using any external growth factor.
Wastewater produced by the textile industry contains various dyes and organic compounds that directly or indirectly affect surface water or groundwater pollution. Visible-light-driven semiconductor photocatalysis is the leading pathway for the degradation of environmental pollutants. Herein we report the bottom-up hydrothermal growth of 2D tin disulfide nanostructures (SnS2 NSs) for the efficient photodegradation of organic pollutants such as Rhodamine B (Rh.B) and Methyl Violet (M.V) in an aqueous medium under visible light (λ > 400 nm) irradiation. The as-synthesized SnS2 NSs were characterized by various structural, morphological, and optical techniques such as XRD, RAMAN, TEM, UV–Vis, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, etc. Furthermore, the low bandgap (∼1.6 eV), the high surface area (56 m2/g), and the anionic nature of SnS2 NSs attribute to it as an efficient photocatalyst for photocatalytic applications. The photocatalytic properties of SnS2 NSs showed good degradation efficiency of 94 and 99.6% for Rh. B and M.V, respectively, in 25 min. The kinetic rate constant of these dyes was estimated by using the Langmuir–Hinshelwood model. Here we also performed the recyclability test of the photocatalyst and discussed the plausible mechanism for the photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants. The XPS spectra of SnS2 NSs were studied before and after the photodegradation of Rh.B and M.V, indicating the high stability of the photocatalyst. Moreover, in vitro cytotoxicity was also evaluated against human cervical cancer cell lines (HeLa cells) with different concentrations (0–1,000 μg/ml) of as-synthesized SnS2 NSs. This intended work provides a possible treatment for the degradation of organic pollutants under visible light to balance the aquatic ecosystems.
The tandem operation of draglines is in use in some of the major Indian opencast coalmines owing to the favourable geo-mining conditions, technical suitability, efficiency and economic viability. In view of the importance of tandem operation, the present study has been undertaken in a large Indian opencast coalmine in order to critically investigate the horizontal and vertical tandem operation of draglines on moderately strong and high sandstone benches (35-42 m), overlying a 15-18 m thick coal seam. The study has revealed that although the preparation of balancing diagram for planning of dragline operations is the first and the most important step, its actual implementation is equally important.Marked discrepancies in the productivity parameters as envisaged by the balancing diagram and as observed in the field studies, have been investigated and reported. The study also propounds the importance of appraisal of dragline productivity parameters, such as, cycle time, swing angle, seating position, availability, utilization, etc., in the field scale. Irrespective of the mode of operation (horizontal or vertical tandem), the study moots the concept of computation of the weighted cycle time and overall cycle time vis-à-vis swing angle variation for the draglines operating in field. The results drawn from the case study have been discussed in terms of cycle time computations, annual output computation and evaluation of earthmoving efficiency for the horizontal and vertical tandem modes of operation.
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