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Medication nonadherence is a known problem after renal transplantation and can vary from one setting to another. Since it can lead to negative outcomes, it is important to develop intervention strategies to enhance adherence in a given setting using determinants identified through exploratory studies. We explored nonadherence in renal transplant recipients. A longitudinal survey was done with adult renal transplant recipients at a tertiary care public and two private hospitals of Kolkata. Subjects were followed-up for 1 year. After screening for medication adherence status by the four-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale, those admitting to potential nonadherence were probed further. A patient was deemed to be nonadherent if failing to take medicines on appointed time (doses missed or delayed by more than 2 h) more than three times in any month during the observation period. A pretested questionnaire was used to explore potential determinants of nonadherence. Data of 153 patients recruited over a 2-year were analyzed. The extent of nonadherence with immunosuppressant regimens was about 31% overall; 44% in the public sector and 19% in the private sector (P < 0.001). Nonadherence with other medication was around 19% in both the sectors. Several potential demographic, socioeconomic and psychosocial determinants of nonadherence were identified on univariate analysis. However, logistic regression analysis singled out only the economic status. This study had updated the issue of nonadherence in renal transplant recipients in the Indian setting. Strategies to improve medication adherence can be planned by relevant stakeholders on the basis of these findings.

Background: Corona virus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). On 11th March; the WHO announced this disease as a global pandemic. Individuals’ knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) towards preventive and precautionary measures of COVID-19 are essential to control the spread of the disease. The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of frontline workers towards the pandemic.Methods: Descriptive survey research design was used. Sample comprised of 100 frontline workers who are working in different government sector during this pandemic situation and involved in election duty. Non-probability purposive sampling technique was used. Demographic data sheet, semi structured knowledge questionnaire, attitude scale, practice questionnaire was used to collect data. Tool was pretested before final data collection. Institutional Ethics committee approval was taken for the study.Results: Study findings show that 56% participants had good knowledge and 44% had poor knowledge regarding COVID-19. 70% participants had positive attitude and 30% had negative attitude regarding COVID-19. 85% participants followed good practice and 15% followed poor practice regarding COVID-19. There was a positive correlation between knowledge and attitude score (r=0.54) and positive correlation between knowledge and practice score (r=0.73). There was also a positive correlation between practice and attitude score (r=0.48).Conclusions: This study also found a significant association between knowledge score and demographic variables like education level and job status and also an association between practice score and job status. So, the study results can be used for enhancing KAP to combat this pandemic situation.

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Background: During Covid-19 pandemic, educational institutions in India have started online learning. The present study explores the advantages, challenges and recommendations for improving virtual learning from nursing students of a nursing institute in Kolkata. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted from May 2020 to June 2020. Purposive sampling was done. Four students from each category like B.Sc. Nursing, Post Basic B.Sc. Nursing & M.Sc Nursing students were included until data saturation achieved. Individual interview was done through telephonic interview. In-depth interview was conducted using semi-structured interview schedule. Data were transcribed and thematically analyzed using MAXQDA software version 2020. Results: Qualitative data analysis leads to extraction of 31 codes and the highest frequency of code was related to loss of internet connectivity. The advantages of virtual learning were flexibility, student centered learning, regularity and challenges involved inadequacy, financial burden & health problem etc. The recommendations were proper assessment, monitoring, training & adequate teaching etc. Conclusion: Virtual learning has many advantages and limitations too. If we take proper steps to resolve the challenges then it is a very good teaching method mainly during pandemic situation.