This article considered the problem of determining the creditworthiness of an enterprise operating in the field of trade and services. The assessment of the creditworthiness of borrowers, particularly small businesses, needs to be more careful: the level of development of small enterprises and their specific activities must be considered, as well as the uncertainty in obtaining any financial result. A method for assessing the creditworthiness of enterprises (trade and services) is proposed, based on the use of the mathematical apparatus of the theory of fuzzy sets. This article analyzes the indicators of industry and regional specifics, indicators of the activity of a small enterprise, and financial and economic indicators typical for the service sector and trade. The rules on the basis of which decisions are made are formed in the form of logical formulas containing parameters. In its most general form, one parameter is predicted, called the creditworthiness index, which varies from 0 to 1 and has a natural interpretation. On the basis of the proposed method, examples of calculating the assessment of the creditworthiness of enterprises operating in the field of trade and services are given. The proposed scientific approach can be used as a basis for creating expert decision support systems for lending to small businesses.
In this paper has been studied a two-sector input-output model between Wholesale and retail trade industry and Rest of economics. Here, the distribution of the total Input transactions between supply agents of Produce / selling, Gross value added and Import and the distribution of the total Output transactions between Purchase / buying, Final demand and Export consumer agents of the wholesale and retail trade industry create overheating and cooling uncertainty problems of national economy and problems of moderate and critical management of national economy. Particularly identified, – the convergence phase for Produce / selling transactions from 0.577 (or 14.89%) in 1995 to 3.849 U.S. billion dollars (or 14.29%) in 2011 to the state of Equilibrium growth and the divergence phase from 3.779 (or 14.11%) in 2012 to 0.569 U.S. billion dollars (or 3.10%) in 2018 from the state of Equilibrium growth, and also in accordance with the rules of “three sigma” from 24 years of observation in 20 years they were in the cooling zone of the economy beyond the level of critical manageability for flows and for the structure Produce / selling transactions of wholesale and retail trade industry of Kazakhstan economy.
In this paper, based on OECD statistical data for 1995-2018 and the Input-Output model, a systematic study of the industrial and innovative development of the construction sector of the Republic of Kazakhstan was carried out. As, for the Produce / selling and Purchase / buying, the Gross value added and Final demand, the Import and Export transactions of structural agents, estimates are given and the bands of the left-hand critical, the left-sided moderate, the equilibrium, the right-sided moderate, the right-sided critical are confidence intervals constructed. Further, based on the erogeneity of the value of the standard deviation, the distributions of the absolute frequencies of the flows of transactions along the bands of confidence intervals are estimated, which, in turn, allow us to assess the state and condition of equilibrium of the industrial and innovative development of the construction industry of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
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