This article discusses the issue of “green bonds”. “Green” bonds are relevant and attractive for investors today. The features of “green” bonds are presented and the development practice in Europe is studied. The figures show the number of climate-aligned and green bonds worldwide in 2018 by region, the distribution of green bond issuance in Europe in 2019 by type of regional issuers, and the volume of green bond issuance in selected European countries in the first half of 2020.
The role of information technology is especially great in strategic sectors of the economy, one of which is energy. After all, the more complex the product, the more acutely it needs more automation of the processes taking place in it. The main informational tasks of power generation are the automation of technological process systems and control over the installed equipment. The main factor that influences the development of information technologies in the energy sector in Kazakhstan is the need for high-tech reforms in this sector of the economy. Thus, the development of IT technologies in the energy sector, like any other industry, will lead to the automation of the entire complex, which will entail its more efficient operation in every sense. The article provides an overview of works devoted to the problem of access to the electricity transmission network in Africa, India, Turkey, etc.
Currently, there are a great number of platform-projects and frameworks based on blockchain technology. Consequently, it is necessary to define the most relevant blockchain platforms and analyze them taking into consideration a variety of features. Also, there is a need to investigate the logistics growth and the price of Bitcoin on the Binance cryptocurrency exchange. The authors have examined modern technologies used by manufacturing companies in the field of fintech in the context of the 2019-2024 period. The results show that sensors and automatic identification take the leading position both at present and in 2024. Aartificial intelligence and blockchain are also in demand by manufacturers today, however in the nearest future their ranking positions will increase sixfold from 10% to 60%. In the current paper the authors review the largest companies that effectively use blockchain technology in their businesses. The conducted survey shows that 18% of companies use blockchain technology based on Bitcoin. The authors have analysed a number of Bitcoin transactions for the period from January 2017 to February 2021 and concluded that the COVID-19 pandemic has had a favourable effect on the indicator data. A maximum number of transactions equal to 10.15 million was carried out in July 2020. Using the method of the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and statistical estimation methods the authors have revealed an underestimation of the equilibrium state of the empirical distribution of price data and the volume of daily trading of Bitcoin on the Binance cryptocurrency exchange through the channel of the right-hand confidence interval. The blockchain technology based on Bitcoin has positively reacted to the macroeconomic factors such as the COVID-19 pandemics and further growth in Bitcoin transactions is expected. With the help of economic modelling, the authors have defined the predictable volume and the price of Bitcoin on the Binance cryptocurrency exchange.
The development of global and regional energy markets is one of the most important problems of the current state of global economic relations and is one of the highest-priority areas in the formation of national and regional strategies for the socio-economic development of any country. The role of energy supply is focused on monitoring and compliance with standards. However, in recent years, the importance of energy supply to the housing stock has increased significantly, which has led to an expansion of the role of management within the framework of the risk management function. Kazakhstan has a Unified electric power system, which is represented by a set of power stations, transmission lines, and substations that provide reliable and high-quality energy supply to consumers. Currently, the main task within the framework of the priority of the development of Kazakhstan’s energy sector is to build up the energy base and provide the growing needs of the population and the economy with the necessary energy resources based on the development of modern energy complexes and alternative energy sources in conjunction with the implemented and planned macroprojects. Since the current economic development of Kazakhstan is closely interrelated with the realization of energy resources and their effective use, it acts as one of the fundamental levers for the development of the national economy. According to our research goal, it is necessary to consider sustainable energy supply in the country based on the analysis and assessment of energy consumption volumes and the impact of the country’s regional and sectoral policies on their use. The author’s approach to the distribution of countries by MNC has been developed and estimates of regression parameters, correlation coefficients, and elasticity coefficients. When constructing the author’s approach, the countries of Europe and Central Asia were studied and a sample of estimates was carried out, which has statistically significant effects on the formation of energy consumption volumes in the Republic of Kazakhstan.
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