This article discusses the issue of “green bonds”. “Green” bonds are relevant and attractive for investors today. The features of “green” bonds are presented and the development practice in Europe is studied. The figures show the number of climate-aligned and green bonds worldwide in 2018 by region, the distribution of green bond issuance in Europe in 2019 by type of regional issuers, and the volume of green bond issuance in selected European countries in the first half of 2020.
The role of information technology is especially great in strategic sectors of the economy, one of which is energy. After all, the more complex the product, the more acutely it needs more automation of the processes taking place in it. The main informational tasks of power generation are the automation of technological process systems and control over the installed equipment. The main factor that influences the development of information technologies in the energy sector in Kazakhstan is the need for high-tech reforms in this sector of the economy. Thus, the development of IT technologies in the energy sector, like any other industry, will lead to the automation of the entire complex, which will entail its more efficient operation in every sense. The article provides an overview of works devoted to the problem of access to the electricity transmission network in Africa, India, Turkey, etc.
The paper considers the features of the growth of “green finance”. The nuances of the development of the green economy of foreign countries are studied. The analytical data of the green market and issued instruments are presented in the form of figures, data for a number of years. Creating a greener economy requires significant investment, whether it’s financing a new electric bus network, building a solar farm, or building power plants powered by renewable energy. In this regard, responsible investing is being developed around the world, which is based on an approach to investing that seeks to include environmental, social and management factors (ESG factors) in the investment decision- making process for better risk management and a sustainable and long- term return on investment.
Sustainable transport is offered on the basis of sustainable development and is an important part of sustainable development. For all countries, transport is an important resource-intensive sector of socio-economic life. Russia and Kazakhstan pay special attention to the development of joint transport and logistics infrastructure and the removal of restrictions that hinder trade and investment exchanges. This is especially important for the economic development of the two countries.Kazakhstan and Russia have signed a memorandum of understanding on the coordination of prices for railway transportation and an agreement on cargo handling in terminals between the railway company of Kazakhstan and the joint stock company «Russian Railways».
This study demonstrates algorithms that assist municipal administrations to make the best environmental decisions. The algorithms developed by large alpha-class municipal governments with assistance of department of environmental agency data analyst. Mathematical and econometric modeling techniques as well as optimum solution theories adhered to develop a model, and the criteria is functionality, which reflects a balance between maximum profit, comfort in living circumstances, the environment, and the need to avoid a market failure scenario. The ensuing results allow for the most optimal administrative decisions, such as the rate of environmental taxes. The empirical findings show that higher environmental, social and governance performance and digital finance has improved the corporate financing efficiency, as well as the influence of ESG performance on energy efficiency, all at a 1% significance level.
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