Preparation of photochemical coatings of metal films (copper, silver and gold) on dielectric surfaces and studying their antimicrobial properties.
A technology has been developed for the production of silver films on cotton fabrics, which provides for the preliminary application film of monochloride of copper to the surface of the fabric. Physicochemical and photochemical processes are considered, leading to the formation chloride of monovalent copper, providing sufficient adhesion to the substrate. The subsequent treatment with nitrate of silver, when the substitution reaction proceeds, leads to the formation chloride of silver, which under the influence of sunlight is restored to elemental silver. It is shown that in this case also the oxidation of monovalent copper occurs to form soluble salts, easily removable by rinsing. Since the proposed technology does not require special equipment, and the chemical reagents used are not deficient, It can be used to apply bactericidal films of silver on various household products and medical use in conventional laundries or home conditions.
The small concentrates which are turning out as a result of enrichment from ores of iron, nonferrous and other metals, as a rule, are unsuitable for direct use in melting or in other technological processes. Complex and rational use of mineral raw materials, fuel and energy resources is an actual problem in the industry of Kazakhstan. The development of domestic manganese ore and the expansion phosphorus manufacturing become particularly urgent. To improve raw material and fuel energy displays there was set a goal of using waste of different enterprises including fine fraction of phosphorus and manganese ones, and also waste coal as fuel. The use of these wastes allows for phosphoric subsector to obtain fluxed phosphorus sinter and out of it yellow phosphorus and ferrophosphorus with an increased content of manganese. In this regard, organization of complex production of phosphate sinters with the usage of manganese ore and mining waste undoubtedly is of particular interest. The ferrophosphorus obtained after electrothermic processing can be used as an alloying element in steel smelting as contains a significant content in the manganese. In the given research as the solid fuel are applied coal waste of Lenger deposit recycling of which is possible by increasing the extent of their use. It should be said that the level of waste coal is extremely low as yet. Using coal mining waste in the chemical and metallurgical industries is highly effective for replacing a flux component and reducing the cost of expensive coke. Here are the research results of the joint agglomeration of phosphate and manganese ores with use of coal waste as a fuel. To determine the optimal process conditions the method of mathematical planning of experiments is used. It has been found that an increase in manganese ore in the sintering mixture contributes to the strength of the sinter, and increase in coal mining waste reduces the strength of the sinter.
The article presents the results of complex studies of physical and chemical properties, such as sieve analysis, elemental and microstructural analysis, IR spectral analysis, and X-ray phase analysis. The results of the research allow concluding that coal mining waste is a valuable secondary raw material for the production of new multipurpose materials in the chemical and construction industries. Data obtained by scanning electron microscopy revealed the elemental composition of coal mining waste. As it turned out, the composition of the waste is dominated by carbon, silicon and iron. In addition, there are microelements in the form of magnesium, sulfur, and aluminum. All the data obtained will be used for the synthesis of humate-containing substances.
The article presents the results of generalization of known information on various methods of enrichment of low-grade phosphate raw materials in the world. Based on the review of literature materials, scientists propose several methods of enrichment: mechanical, calcination at high temperatures, flotation, chemical enrichment with various acids and salts. Analyzing and summarizing these data, the article describes the advantages and disadvantages of each proposed method of enrichment of low-grade phosphorites. It is known that the sphere of production of phosphorus-containing products is important for many agricultural countries that produce these products themselves or import from others. This review material is very important for those who are interested in the problems of attracting low-grade phosphates into the production cycle by enriching them.
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