Dental wear facets on the occlusal surface of premolars and molars are traces of their main function, the mastication and therefore reflect masticatory movements and also paramasticatory (i.e. non-dietary use of teeth) behavior. Here we present the Modular Wear Facet Nomenclature applicable to most mammalian dentitions. Topographic positions of wear facets in relation to the major cusps and crests of the teeth are used to designate the areas of the occlusal surface the facets occupy (e.g. their mesial, distal, lingual, or buccal position). Previous published systems for labeling wear facets have been inconsistent with each other. Therefore, we provide a synoptic review of the most widely-used terminologies, and introduce the alternative Modular Wear Facet Nomenclature. This nomenclature aims to overcome the difficulties caused by the existing inconsistent wear facet terminologies. Our new approach is applicable to dentitions where the occlusal morphology does not change significantly for most of the lifetime of the animal. In those dentitions, the primary occlusal surfaces are not significantly modified as wear facets become more extensive with wearing. This appears to be a common pattern in pre-tribosphenic, tribosphenic molars, and the teeth derived from tribosphenic precursors (e.g. bunodont molar morphologies). In teeth where the secondary occlusal surface is functionally intensely modified (i.e. high-crowned and evergrowing teeth with large areas of dentine exposed) any facet labeling system appears to be challenging, since the identification of individual facets is blurred and their spatial position may be indeterminable.
The herb fi eld mouse, Apodemus uralensis (Pallas, 1811) is recorded for the fi rst time in Mongolia, from western part of the Mongolian Altai and the adjacent Mongolian part of the Dzungarian Gobi. In addition, we discovered several additional fi ndings of this species recorded as early as 1976 from diff erent scientifi c collections. Body and skull measurements are presented along with a molecular genetic analysis of one specimen.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.