In the scope of the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) project, several new synchrotrons and storage rings will be built. The existing heavy-ion synchrotron SIS18 has to be upgraded to serve as an injector for the FAIR accelerators. All this imposes new requirements on the low-level rf (LLRF) systems. These requirements include fast ramping modes, arbitrary ion species, and complex beam manipulations such as dual-harmonic operation, bunch merging/splitting, barrier bucket operation, or bunch compression. In order to fulfill these tasks, a completely new and unique system architecture has been developed since 2002, and the system is now used in SIS18 operation. The presentation of this novel system architecture is the purpose of this paper. We first describe the requirements and the design of the LLRF system. Afterwards, some key components and key interfaces of the system are summarized followed by a discussion of technological aspects. Finally, we present some beam experiment results that were obtained using the new LLRF system.
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The New Experimental Storage Ring (NESR) of the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research is designed for versatile operation with ions and antiprotons. Both stable ions and rare isotope beams will be used for internal experiments. The ion beams can be decelerated to a minimum energy of 4 MeV=u and extracted to a low energy experimental area. Antiprotons will be decelerated from 3 GeV to a minimum energy of 30 MeV and transferred to the Facility for Low-energy Antiproton and Ion Research. Electron cooling will provide high quality beams for experiments, assist the deceleration process, and allow the accumulation of rare isotope beams by stacking in longitudinal phase space. Specific rf systems are foreseen for the various operation modes.
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