The decline of the two fungicides vinclozolin (formulation Ronilan FL)
and triadimefon (formulation
Bayleton Special) was studied in greenhouses. The decline of
vinclozolin was also studied in climate
chambers. In greenhouse experiments the fungicides were applied
with either a low-volume sprayer
or a high-volume sprayer, while in the climate chamber experiments the
fungicide was applied
with a pipet. Concentrations on leaves 1 day after spraying in the
greenhouses with Ronilan FL
were 0.87 μg of vinclozolin/cm2 and after spraying with
Bayleton Special close to the detection limit
(0.002 μg of triadimefon/cm2). Concentrations were
higher on floors than on leaves. Air concentrations were higher immediately after low-volume spraying than after
high-volume spraying but
decreased rapidly. Air concentrations of vinclozolin during the
first harvest, the third day after
application, were below the detection limit (0.4 μg/m3).
Climate chamber experiments showed no
significant differences in residue decline rate between different
climate conditions, with temperatures
in the range of 18−26 °C and a vapor pressure deficit between 0.26
and 0.79 kPa.
Keywords: Spraying; greenhouse; fungicide; pesticide; residues; decline;
vinclozolin
The study presented concerns the dermal exposure risks during harvest
work in greenhouses after
fungicide application. The contamination of the fungicide
vinclozolin on clothes, overalls and gloves,
worn during harvest after application was investigated. The
fungicide was extracted from the cloth
with 1-chlorobutane and finally determined with HPLC. The average
amount of fungicide found
on the clothes, the potential exposure, was 25 mg after 8 h of work in
the greenhouse. It was
estimated that most of the fungicide amount was found on gloves.
Assuming a maximum uptake
of vinclozolin (on bare skin) of 10%, the value of the dermal exposure
was estimated to be 2.5 mg/day. In the absence of threshold values for dermal, exposure a
comparison was made with
recommended values for acceptable daily intake of foodstuffs. This
comparison reveals that the
assumed dermal exposure is higher than the value set by the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency
but lower than the value given by the World Health Organization.
Thus, the use of protective
garments during harvesting, especially on the hands, is
recommended.
Keywords: Exposure; health risks; fungicides; vinclozolin; cucumber;
greenhouse
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