The transient receptor potential (TRP) superfamily comprises a group of non-selective cation channels that have been implicated in both receptor and store-operated channel functions. The family of the classical TRPs (TRPCs) consists of seven members (TRPC1-7). The presence of TRPC1 and TRPC5 mRNA in the brain has previously been demonstrated by real-time polymerase chain reaction. However, the distribution of these receptors within different brain areas of mice has not been investigated in detail. We have used antibodies directed against TRPC1 and TRPC5 to study the distribution and localization of these channels in murine medial temporal lobe structures. Both TRPC1 and TRPC5 channels are present in the various nuclei of the amygdala, in the hippocampus, and in the subiculum and the entorhinal cortex. We have found that TRPC1 channels are primarily expressed on cell somata and on dendrites, whereas TRPC5 channels are exclusively located on cell bodies. Moreover, TRPC1 channels are selectively expressed by neurons, whereas TRPC5 channels are mainly expressed by neurons, but also by non-neuronal cells. The expression of TRPC1 and TRPC5 channels in mammalian temporal lobe structures suggests their involvement in neuronal plasticity, learning and memory.

Background: Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) is the most important complication after pancreatic surgery and is associated with major morbidity, increased use of resources, and prolonged hospital stay. The true economic impact of POPF is unknown. Methods: We evaluated the economic impact of POPF based on a full cost analysis of hospital expenses and reimbursements for all patients discharged after pancreatic resections at our center in 2015 with billing through the G-DRG-System. For definition and grading of POPF the 2016 update of the international definition was used. Uni-and multivariable analyses of factors associated with a deficit of >1000V per case were performed. Results: Of 505 patients with pancreatic resections, 78 (15.4%) developed POPF. The occurrence and the grade of POPF were significantly associated with increased treatment costs in all cases and in subgroups of different resections (e.g. mean costs of 15,741.51V without and of 54,023.20V with POPF after pancreatoduodenectomy; p< 0.0001). DRG reimbursements significantly increased in parallel but failed to cover the cost increase. POPF resulted in uncovered costs and was associated with a deficit in total, after different resections, and within single DRGs. POPF was the dominant independent risk factor for deficits >1000V/case. Conclusion: POPF has considerable economic impact and results in highly increased treatment costs that are currently not covered by reimbursements through the G-DRG system.