Here we provide a checklist of the odonates from Amazonas state, Brazil. We registered 324 species and 101 genera, making Amazonas the Brazilian state with the most Odonata species recorded. The families with the highest number of species were Coenagrionidae with 32 genera and 101 species, followed by Libellulidae with 28 genera and 100 species and Gomphidae with 12 genera and 45 species. Some regions of Amazonas state remain poorly explored, such as the southern area, and large municipalities, such as São Gabriel da Cachoeira. This work underlines the importance of the biological diversity from Amazonas state and the Amazonian Biome for Odonata species richness in Brazil and shows that many areas in the world’s largest tropical forest have not yet been sampled.

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The larva, the adult male and the adult female of Aeschnosoma hamadae sp. nov. are described and illustrated. This species belongs to the A. elegans group of species. A comparison with other species of this group is given.

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The larva of Dicterias Selys, 1853, a monotypic genus, is described and illustrated for the first time. It is morphologicallyvery close to the larva of Heliocharis Selys, 1853. The larvae of these two genera are compared, and a larval diagnosis forthe family is provided. The family Heliocharitidae (= Dicteriadidae) shares derived characters with some Calopterygoideaand is probably related to Calopterygidae. The larvae of Heliocharitidae are also amazingly similar to those of some Mega-podagrionidae, and long-legged Megapodragrionidae related to Megapodagrion could be related to the family Heliocharitidae and could represent a basal stem within the Calopterygoidea.

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RESUMOEste é o primeiro registro de Paravelia recens (Drake & Harris, 1935) (Heteroptera: Veliidae) em fitotelmata de Guzmania brasiliensis Ule, 1907 (Bromeliaceae) (t-test between season; t=2,57; p=0,011), and the abundance of individuals was positively correlated with water volume by bromeliad (r s = 0,18; p=0,033). This fact could be explained by the major input of water in the wet season, causing the increase of mean water volume by bromeliad.