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The COVID-19 disease initially originated in Wuhan (China) and then spread worldwide has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). Many attempts are ongoing to find an effective therapeutic treatment and vaccine to cure or prevent the disease, but the success is very little. Even some of the approved vaccines are also disputed for safety issues. This is the time where we should think of alternative treatments to control the disease effectively. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a technique that is widely used in cancer treatment and against various microbes. In this technique, a light-induced photosensitizer generates reactive oxygen species (ROS), ultimately killing the target cells. Considering these facts, an attempt has been made to review the current literature on viral inactivation using PDT approach. Accordingly, the mechanism of PDT action has been discussed, along with an update on the use of various photosensitizers (PSs) and nanoparticles. The capsid proteins and nucleic acid (RNA) of SARS-CoV-2 can be a possible target for PDT. To understand this interaction further, computational modeling studies have been discussed to help design effective PSs. Overall, the PDT technique has therapeutic potential and should be tested as a complementary or alternative treatment for control of COVID-19 using the PSs like curcumin, psoralen derivatives, riboflavin, etc. This review discusses COVID-19, its outbreak, diagnosis, the existing treatment modalities, and how PDT can be an effective alternative treatment for controlling the disease.

The Srotas are well defined concept explained by Acharya Sushruta and Charak; Udakvaha Srotas is one of them. Its root source (Moolsthan) is Talu & Kloma. The root source Talu of Udakvaha Srotas is well known and understood as palate everywhere but still there is ambiguity about Kloma. The thirst (Pipasa) is prime symptom of interruption in Udakvaha Srotas similarly thirst is also found in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) cases, therefore it would be possible to study the role of lungs in maintenance of water in the body. So, this was primary effort to study the structure Kloma in the body with the help of observational study i.e. by observing Pipasa in cases of COPD considering the lung as a controversial structure Kloma. Secondary objectives of the study were literature search about Kloma, study of Viddha Lakshana and correlation of Kloma with present well-known structure. So to explain the anatomical area of Kloma and specify Kloma with body organ was the prime plan to start this review.

The most common primary malignancies that affect the pericardium are lung cancers. Typically, pericardial involvement stays undiagnosed, with almost 1-20% of all tumor-related autopsies revealing invasion of the pericardium. Pericardial effusions are seldom the first location of metastasis and presentation of a primary malignancy. Malignant pericardial effusions are usually silent, although they cause dyspnea, chest discomfort, arrhythmias, cough, and, in rare cases, pericardial tamponade. In a patient with tamponade, a high index of tumor-related suspicion is crucial to rule out cancer. Emergency pericardiocentesis is indicated based on the clinical presentation, however, the patient frequently has a bad prognosis regardless of whether treatment is administered or not. In this case series, we report five cases of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with pericardial effusion as an initial presentation.

Pulmonary involvement complicates the various aspects of care in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. The epidemiological data generated over the last 10 to 15 years have improved the overall understanding of the risk factors and pathophysiological mechanisms involved in pulmonary involvement in rheumatological conditions. Recent advances in genetics have provided superior insight into the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and the underlying pulmonary involvement. This review article provides a concise overview of the four most common rheumatological conditions associated with pulmonary involvement: systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), dermatomyositis/polymyositis, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and systemic sclerosis (SSc). The clinical, epidemiological, and genetic aspects of these diseases are summarized in this article with particular emphasis on the characteristic patterns of pulmonary involvement in radiological imaging and various treatment options for each of these autoimmune diseases and their lung manifestations.

Covid19 or SARS COV 2 is the most dreaded pandemic of the century, causing widespread mortality and morbidity. On the other hand, tuberculosis is an age-old disease killing billions around the globe every year. Both the diseases have caused a significant loss of human lives along with socio-economic constraints. While SARS Cov 2 is a very new disease, tuberculosis is known to humanity for thousands of years. Tuberculosis is an airborne infection while Covid spreads via droplet spread and through fomite as well. Tuberculosis and complications related to it may lead to increased mortality due to poor lung compliance. Moreover, Tuberculosis control programmed may get affected due to the ongoing pandemic. To decrease the adverse outcome of Covid19 on Tb strict measures like proper social distancing, hand hygiene, compliance to Anti Tubercular drugs, domiciliary Tb care and strengthening immune system may prove important. Measures like the use of masks, proper cough hygiene and repeated washing of hands may play a role in decreasing the spread of tuberculosis as well and might also play a role in the elimination of tuberculosis. The article also highlights the measures taken in a rural hospital in central India for the management of COVID 19 and Tuberculosis and the possible difficulties faced in the management of tuberculosis during the Covid pandemic.

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Tuberculosis (TB) strains with drug resistance are more difficult to treat than drug susceptible ones and jeopardise global progress towards the targets set by the World Health Organisation’s End TB Strategy. Although disseminated TB is well known as an opportunistic infection in HIV infected individuals, it is uncommon in HIV negative individuals. The present case is a rare case of Extensively Drug Resistant (XDR)-TB in disseminated TB involving the extrapulmonary sites in an immunocompetent adult. We report a case of a young man who has disseminated TB involving pleura and peritoneum. Prior to this, he had taken category II anti-TB treatment with no satisfactory response. Drug sensitivity test of pleural fluid revealed resistance to quinolones, kanamycin, isoniazid and rifampicin. Patient was administered second line anti-TB therapy with remarkable response. Therefore, this case highlights the importance of investigating aggressively for Drug Resistance (DR) in suspected cases of extrapulmonary TB