Background and aim The treatment of diabetic ulcers is difficult because of defective blood vessels and frequent co-occurrence of bacterial infections. In a previous study, we found a water fraction of Merremia mammosa (Lour.) (Mm(Lour.)) had beneficial effects on wound healing in diabetic rats. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of different gelling agents added to Mm(Lour.) water fraction gel on wound healing treatment in diabetic rats. Experimental procedure Diabetic Wistar rats were divided into the following five groups: 1. positive control (Neomycin Sulfate 0.5% and Placenta Extract 10%), 2. negative control (distilled water), and 10% water fraction of Mm(Lour.) extract in 3. HPMC, 4. Carbopol, and 5. CMC Na gelling agents. The wound was made by the Morton method and treatment applied every other day for 25 days, then the wound healing process was observed. Data were observed and analysed using appropriate statistic tools. Results Histopathology observation, VEGF expression and hydroxyproline levels showed a significant acceleration of wound healing in all treatment groups compared to the negative control group. This study showed all of Mm(Lour.) gel formulations could restore the delayed healing process on wound in diabetic rats and were equally effective in accelerating wound healing. CMC Na was the most preferable because it did not irritate. Conclusion The results suggest that Mm(Lour.) water fraction in CMC Na gelling agent provided an option to be developed as a topical drug on diabetic wound healing treatment, showed by enhancement of collagen synthesis and angiogenesis.

Latar Belakang: Angka kejadian sumbing bibir dan langit-langit masih tinggi di Indonesia sedangkan proses penatalaksanaannya masih belum optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan analisis kejadian sumbing bibir dan langit-langit berdasarkan tinjauan geografis sehingga dapat menemukan model penanganan yang tepat untuk mengurangi angka kejadian sumbing bibir dan langit-langit.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian deskriptif dengan menggunakan data rekam medis di salah satu rumah sakit di provinsi Jawa Timur Indonesia. Data yang digunakan adalah data penderita sumbing bibir dan langit-langit antara tahun 2017-2020. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dikelompokkan berdasarkan wilayah asal penderita yang kemudian dituangkan dalam sebuah peta untuk memberikan gambaran penyebaran penderita sumbing bibir dan langit-langit. Sedangkan karakteristik penderita seperti angka prevalensi, jenis kelainan dan pekerjaan orang tua ditampilkan dalam bentuk tabel.Hasil: Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kejadian kelainan sumbing bibir dan langit-langit hampir merata di seluruh wilayah Jember bahkan terdapat sepuluh wilayah yang memiliki angka kejadian lebih dari 5 penderita. Tingginya angka kejadian ini kemungkinan berhubungan dengan faktor-faktor risiko seperti pekerja orang tua sebagai petani, penggunaan pestisida dan pencemaran logam berat yang banyak ditemukan di wilayah Jember yang secara geografis merupakan daerah perkebunan dan pertanian sebagai penyebab kejadian kelainan kongenital ini. Kesimpulan: Pemetaan penderita secara geografis akan memudahkan dalam menentukan prediksi angka kejadian dan faktor resiko terjadinya kelainan sumbing bibir dan langit-langit serta memudahkan dalam membuat sistem penanganan penderita sesuai dengan kondisi wilayah masing-masing penderita.

AbstrakAngka kejadian Diabetes Mellitus di Indonesia terus meningkat. Terdapat beberapa komplikasi pada kondisi penderita diabetes, salah satunya adalah ulkus diabetik. Ulkus diabetik pada penderita diiabetes dapat meningkatkan resiko amputasi dan perawatan dengan biaya mahal, maka dibutuhkan alternatif pegobatan seperti pada tanaman bidara upas (Merremia mammosa (Lour)) yang memiliki kandungan antiinflamasi dan antidiabetes. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan jumlah makrofag pada luka insisi pada tikus wistar jantan hiperglikemi antara pemberian ekstrak umbi bidara upas (Merremia mammosa (Lour)) dengan NaCl. Uji in vivo dilakukan dengan membuat luka insisi pada punggung tikus dan dirawat sesuai kelompok perlakuan yaitu kontrol positif menggunakan salep gentamycin 5%, kontrol negatif NaCl, dan kelompok perlakuan ekstrak umbi bidara upas (Merremia mammosa (Lour)) dengan dosis P1 (100mg), P2 (200mg), P3 (400mg). Data didapatkan dari penghitungan jumlah makrofag pada pemeriksaan histopatologi. Hasil penelitian didapatkan jumlah makrofag 0,36 sel/lapang pandang pada kontrol negatif, 0,52 sel/lapang pandang pada kontrol positif, 0,48 sel/lapang pandang pada semua pemberian esktrak umbi bidara upas. Analisis data menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan dengan nilai p=0,729. Kesimpulannya adalah tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara pemberian ekstrak umbi bidara upas dan NaCl pada luka insisi full thickness tikus wistar jantan hiperglikemi. Kata kunci: Diabetes Mellitus, ekstrak umbi bidara upas, luka insisi Abstract The incidence of diabetes mellitus in Indonesia continues to increase. There are some complications in the diabetic condition, one of which is diabetic ulcer. Diabetic ulcers in diabetes patient can increase the risk of amputation and expensive treatment costs, so the alternative treatmeant such as Merremia mammosa wich has antiinflamatory and antidiabetic is needed. This study aimed to determine the comparison of the number of macrophage in the incisional wound in hyperglycemic male wistar rats between treatment with

Many farmers still use chemical pesticides. Chemical pesticides inside the body will form free radicals that will bind to unsaturated fatty acids (cell membrane structures) that cause increased levels of malondialdehyde (MDA). Organic pesticides can be used as an alternative to control pests. Organic pesticides leave no residues to plants and the environment. This study aims to determine the difference of plasma malondialdehid (MDA) levels in farmers who use chemical pesticides in Dawuhan Village, Tenggarang Subdistrict, Bondowoso Regency and farmers who use organic pesticides in Lombok Kulon Village, Wonosari Sub-district, Bondowoso District. This was an observational analytic research with cross sectional research design conducted on 30 farmers who use chemical pesticides and 30 farmers who use organic pesticides. Blood sampling was taken from Mediana cubiti vein. Measurements of plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) were performed using the TBARS method. Based on the result of Unpaired T-test, it was found that p < 0.001 which showed significant difference in plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) level in farmers using chemical pesticides and farmers using organic pesticides. The plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) level average were higher in farmers using chemical pesticides. Keywords: Chemical Pesticide, Organic Pesticide, Plasma Malondialdehyde

The purpose of this narrative study was to explore how an international PhD student-mother, who has a young child, negotiated and coped with the challenges to complete her studies during the COVID-19 pandemic. Multiple semi-structured interviews were adopted to collect narrative data. Anchored in a thematic analysis, qualitative data showed that the participant encountered such challenges as the skills of managing academic time and activities, difficulty in focusing on studying, worries about family conditions in Indonesia and financial needs. We concluded that physical, mental and spiritual strengths of an individual derived from family and community support play a pivotal role in thinking of, managing, and coping with various challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic.