Magnetically controlled waveguide-based phase shifters are desirable for their high performance, but are bulky and heavy, thus cannot be easily integrated with printed circuit board (PCB) based circuits. To tackle this, substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) technology has been utilized, which brings the waveguide to a standard PCB, but requires large numbers of vias as well as multiple cavities in the substrate for ferrite slab placement. This implementation technique involves complex fabrication and yields a relatively low figure of merit (FoM). To alleviate this, we present the first completely vialess ferrite substrate-based waveguide phase shifter realized through low-cost inkjet printing technique. All the four sides of a yttrium iron garnet (YIG) substrate have been metalized through inkjet printing, allowing the fabrication of a conventional rectangular waveguide on a standard magnetic substrate. The prototype has been tested in symmetric as well as antisymmetric modes of biasing and peak FoMs of 160°/dB at 7.22 GHz and 332°/dB at 7.46 GHz have been measured, which are higher than those of the previously reported designs. This all-around inkjet printing approach can open the door to low-cost, integrable magnetic phase shifters with excellent RF performances.
We report the design, fabrication and measurement of a spin-orbit torque (SOT) driven multi-state memory. The multi-state memory is based on a 3-nm thick Ni 81 Fe 19 (Py) patterned in the shape of four intersecting ellipses (octagram). Writing is performed by injecting a charge current along one of the Pt wires, which generates a transverse pure spin current capable of switching Py between its states. Information is read through a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) using four-point technique.
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