The genome is almost identical in all the cells of the body. However, the functions and morphologies of each cell are different, and the factors that determine them are the genes and proteins expressed in the cells. Over the past decades, studies on epigenetic information, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin accessibility, and chromatin conformation have shown that these properties play a fundamental role in gene regulation. Furthermore, various diseases such as cancer have been found to be associated with epigenetic mechanisms. In this study, we summarized the biological properties of epigenetics and single-cell epigenomic profiling techniques, and discussed future challenges in the field of epigenetics.
Effective tumor regression has been observed with chimeric
antigen
receptor (CAR) T cells; however, the development of an affordable,
safe, and effective CAR-T cell treatment remains a challenge. One
of the major obstacles is that the suboptimal genetic modification
of T cells reduces their yield and antitumor activity, necessitating
the development of a next-generation T cell engineering approach.
In this study, we developed a nonviral T cell nanoengineering system
that allows highly efficient delivery of diverse functional nanomaterials
into primary human T cells in a genetically stable and scalable manner.
Our platform leverages the unique cell deformation and restoration
process induced by the intrinsic inertial flow in a microchannel to
create nanopores in the cellular membrane for macromolecule internalization,
leading to effective transfection with high scalability and viability.
The proposed approach demonstrates considerable potential as a practical
alternative technique for improving the current CAR-T cell manufacturing
process.
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