Este artigo trata da metodologia utilizada em uma intervenção ergonômica sobre organização do trabalho em Unidades de Produção Agrícola Familiar (UPAF) produtoras de leite de origem bovina, na região oeste da França. Apresenta-se a metodologia utilizada, uma combinação de jornadas de observação e análise do trabalho e jornadas de formação-ação. Discutem-se a Crônica de Ação e o Plano de Utilização das Instalações (PUI), bem como a utilização destes no processo de conscientização do agricultor sobre a complexidade de seu trabalho. Apresenta-se a análise da "supervisão do rebanho", devido ao seu alto grau de complexidade e importância para o desempenho da produção de leite, explorando de que forma certos arranjos espaciais podem favorecer as condições para a realização desta tarefa. Na análise do trabalho agrícola familiar privilegia-se o olhar complexo sobre a situação de trabalho, visando identificar os determinantes, as fontes de variabilidade e as estratégias adotadas.
Organic agriculture is a sustainable cultivation ecologically, economically and socially. Several researches in organic agriculture have been made from technical perspectives, economic traits or related to ecological aspects. There are practically no investigations into the nature of the technology used in organic agriculture, especially from an ergonomic perspective. From the activity analysis, this study aimed to map the technology used in the production of organic vegetables. Properties producing organic vegetables were selected representing the State of São Paulo. It was applied an instrument (questionnaire and semi-structured interview) with their managers and it was made visual records to identify adaptations, innovations and technological demands that simultaneously minimize the workload and the difficulties in performing the tasks and increase work productivity. For some of the technological innovations a digital scanner was used to generate a virtual solid model to facilitate its redesign and virtual prototyping. The main results show that organic farmers have little technology in product form. The main innovations that enable competitive advantage or allow higher labor productivity occur in the form of processes, organization and marketing.
Este artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa que analisou a percepção dos alunos de uma disciplina de estatística na modalidade a distância. A originalidade da pesquisa reside na inversão da perspectiva de análise. Usualmente os cursos são avaliados tendo como métrica principal as notas obtidas pelos alunos. No presente estudo foi adotada uma lógica distinta: identificar a percepção dos alunos sobre a primeira versão da disciplina visando integrar estas representações, positivas ou negativas, no processo de reformulação do ambiente virtual de aprendizagem. Os participantes do projeto optaram inicialmente pela incorporação das inovações tecnológicas na estrutura da disciplina, mantendo as mesmas dinâmicas das aulas presenciais, porém num ambiente virtual. Também foi decidido que as mudanças pedagógicas teriam início após a consolidação e a validação dos suportes tecnológicos. Foi utilizado como instrumento um questionário aplicado aos alunos da modalidade a distância. Os resultados obtidos apresentam as preferências dos alunos com relação aos recursos e suporte tecnológicos que favorecem o aprendizado, benefícios e dificuldades experimentados nesta primeira versão da disciplina e sugerem que o novo formato contribui para o aprimoramento do processo de aprendizagem.
This article discusses the difficulties dairy farmers face when they decide to install a new type of production on their units. We intend to discuss the nature of the new competencies the farmers will construct in order to install new production ateliers, and to show the complexity of the means they used, the difficulties they face in this process, and the strategies farmers develop in consonance with the practical knowledge of their profession. The method used was Ergonomic Work Analysis, together with semi-structured interviews, done after sessions of observation and work analysis. The results show that it is possible to apprehend a part of the complexity of the process of constructing competencies among dairy farmers, the diversity of kinds of resources they mobilize, integrate and transfer in this construction process that materializes through their activities in the work context.
[…] allows us to comprehend human activity and explain how workers avoid making errors, anticipate dysfunction, how they correct for it, which stages of the task they consider most important, how they deal with unexpected events, detect and diagnose problems, and organize their activities in both normal and critical situations. AbstractThis article addresses the difficulties faced by farmers who implement new production methods on their land. We discuss the nature of the new competences that farmers must develop, highlighting the complexities of the means they use, the difficulties they confront in this process, and the strategies farmers develop in consonance with the practical knowledge of their profession. The method used includes elements of Ergonomic Work Analysis combined with a case study. Le Boterf's model of the process of constructing competences is used to support the data analysis. The discussion is organized based on an analysis of the evolution of consolidated competences that are re-elaborated for a new agricultural production. The analysis of the strategies and operational modes is introduced, and their contribution to the development of new competences is noted, thus enriching the model proposed by Le Boterf. It is essential to understand the cognitive processes, strategies, and operating modes involved in the development of competences. This procedure provides mechanisms that preserve the opportunity for observation of significant variables in managing variability to be included in the transformation or evolution of work situations and to define the activities that workers will perform.
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