Summary Measurements were performed on Na, K and Ca contents with flame‐photometer, and on CI content with electro‐photometer both in serum of 464 cases (frequency of examinations was 1.077 times) of various psychotics (mainly consisted of schizophrenics) and in cerebrospinal fluid of 303 cases (frequsncy of examinations 909 times). Following results were obtained. 1. In schizophrenia, as a whole, Na, K, Ca and CI contents both in serum and CSF were almost within normal limits, but only K in CSF was increased, so the Na/K decreased as compared with those in the normal group. Comparison between the diseased and improved periods showed that Na and K in serum had tendencies to decrease, while Na and CI in CSF increased in the improved period, thereby the decrease of K in CSF was marked. 2. Under the classification of schizophrenia into hebephrenia and catatonia, it proved that both types exhibited almost the same inclinations as mentioned above. Moreover, comparison between the fresh and chronic groups of schizophrenia as a whole revealed that, in the fresh group there were observed the decrease of Na and CI and the increase of Ca in serum, and the decrease of K and increase of Na/K in CSF in the course of improvement, while in the chronic group, there were the decrease of Na in serum, the decrease of K and Ca in CSF, and increase of Na/K in CSF in the course of convalescence. On the contrary, in the unchanging group, variations of electrolytes were hardly observable both in serum and CSF. 3. In the comparison between the fresh and chronic groups in each type of schizophrenia, both groups displayed almost identical trends, thereby most marked was the increase of K in CSF in the diseased period. Moreover, in CSF, Na contents were decreased in the fresh groups of both types of schizophrenia, CI increased in fresh hebephrenia, and Ca decreased in chronic catatonia. As the result of comparison between the fresh and chronic cases, it proved that, in hebephrenia, Na and Na/K in CSF increased more but K and Ca in CSF decreased more in the chronic cases than in the fresh ones; while, in catatonia, K in serum increased more in the chronic cases. 4. Schizophrenia was, furthermore, divided tentatively into 6 groups according to the symptoms, and comparisons of these groups proved that Na both in serum and in CSF tended to decrease but CI slightly increased under the hypo‐and akinesis, while K in CSF increased in case of marked emotional changes. 5. In the chronic schizophrenics hospitalized for a long time, both Na and K in serum and CSF were within normal sphere, and there were observed almost the same inclinations as mentioned above, in the results of the frequent examinations made in the course of time, some on the same cases of this group. 6. In the other various psychotics, each value was almost within normal range, although the cases were few in number. Mania displayed almost identical tendency in electrolytes variations, but depression displayed somewhat different inclinations where Na in CSF was decreased. As for gener...
SUMMARY By the use of the polarographic method and paper electrophoresis, the proteins in the serum and in the CSF of schizophrenic, epileptic, and general paretic groups were examined. The examinations for the serum were carried out on 157 cases and for the CSF on 139 cases with the use of PLG; for the serum on 157 cases and for CSF on 105 cases with the use of PEP and a normal group were used as the controls. A comparison of the results from the serum and the CSF according to each symptom type group, the qualitative difference of the proteins is discussed. In the normal group the difference between the quantity of the proteins in the serum and in the CSF is great with marked qualitative difference. The PLG findings show that the SH group activity of the protein surface is higher in the CSF than in the serum, while those of all three types are higher in the serum. The PEP findings show that the v‐fraction is contained only in the CSF and that there is a difference between the fraction patterns in terms of the percentage of the protein and glycoprotein. As to the PLG findings, the schizophrenic group as a whole showed protein surface SH group activity in the CSF and mucoprotein SH group activity in the serum higher than the normal group. Consequently, there was a disparity between the CSF/serum ratio of each and that of the normal group. The PEP findings showed an increase of the u‐fraction of the CSF above the normal and in most cases a decreases in Al and α2‐Gl in the glycoproteins of both the fluids. As to the CSF/serum ratio, that of the γ‐ and β‐Gl is lower and of α1‐Gl higher than the normal. As to the glycoprotein, Al and α2‐Gl are smaller and α1‐, β‐, and γ‐Gl greater than the normal. The differences according to the case development and symptom types were discussed. In the intermittent period between epileptic seizures, the protein surface SH group activity is higher in the CSF and lower in the serum than in the normal, while the mucoprotein SH group activity is lower in the CSF and higher in the serum than in the normal; with a resulting variation in the CSF/serum ratio. As regards the PEP findings, many cases showed an v‐fraction and α2‐Gl increase in the CSF, and an α1‐Gl increase and Al, and α2‐Gl decreases of the glycoproteins. In comparison with the normal group CSF/serum ratio, Al, α1 and α2‐Gl showed a higher ratio and γ‐Gl, a lower ratio, whereas in glycoprotein α1‐, and γ‐Gl were higher and α2‐ and β2‐Gl lower. The general paresis groups examined were chronic cases. In them, both the serum and the CSF showed an increase in the proteins. In spite of the PLG finding that the protein SH group activity in each is higher than the normal, the CSF/serum ratio is nearly the same as the normal. The PEP findings showed many cases of v‐fraction, γ‐, and α2‐Gl increases in the CSF, and α1‐Gl increase in the serum. As to the glycoprotein, many cases showed α1‐, α2‐ and γ‐Gl increases and Al, α2‐, and α2‐Gl decreases in the CSF, and a β‐Gl increase in the serum. Al and γ‐Gl were high in the CSF/serum ratio...
Summary
Matter exchange between the blood and cerebrospinal fluid in psychosss was set under investigation, using radioisotopes Na24, P32 and I131 as the material. The clinical cases consist of 111 cases of schizophrenia, 47 cases of syphilitic psychoses, 30 cases of senile psychosis, 38 cases of epilepsy, 20 cases of psychoneuroses, sum total making up 246 cases. The result was as follows:
1) Na24, I131 and P32were proved pcsitive in the CSF 5 min. after intravenous injection, giving the transfer curve characteristic to each substance. The velocity of transfer was Na Na, the status of transfer in both situations developing quite different in quantity and velocity.
2) The transfer curve of Schizophrenic groups was different to other organic psychoses, relatively near to that of psychoneuroses.
3) The state of thansfer in syphilitic psychoses group fell slow in proceeding and small in quantity, especially concerning transfer of 1131 and P32 from CSF to the blood.
4) The state of transfer in senile psychoses group showed a tendency to get delayed always, but less so than in syphilitic group, and transfer of Na24 in the two situations, i. e. from CSF to blood and from blood to CSF, had a reverse tendency in the aspect of quantity.
5) Epileptic group was generally alike to schizophrenic group as regards the transfer state. But the transfer state of Na24 was different in quantity from the latter.
6) The transfer curve of psychrneouroses group was relatively alike to schizophrenic group. But transfer state of Na24 and I131 was different both in quantity and velocity from the said group.
7) The present experimental result must throw a light to the mechanism of matter exchange between the blood and CSF at the least.
In 1956, Hayashi and Nagai showed that y-amino-f3-hydroxbutyric acid (GABOB), when introduced into cerebrospinal fluid, inhibited seizures which were produced by electrical stimulation of the motor cortex in dogs. We tried to apply GABOB to the epileptic patients by means of lumbar puncture and obtained the following results; complete inhibition of seizure 13 (59%), improved 6 (27%), and unchanged 3 (14%) among 22 patients.160.
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