The modeling and design of reactive absorption is based on a theoretical description of reaction and mass transport in multicomponent systems. The multicomponent nature of these phenomena leads to complex process behavior due to the superposition of many driving forcessmulticomponent diffusion, chemical interactions, convective flows, multicomponent thermodynamic interplay, etc. For this reason, an adequate theoretical description of the multicomponent reactive systems calls for the application of the Maxwell-Stefan equations and, further, for the use of matrix coupled mass-transfer equations together with the relevant reaction kinetics. On this basis, a two-phase, gas-liquid system is considered and a general model is developed for its design. Reactions in both liquid and gas phases are taken into account, and both the film and bulk reaction mechanisms are allowed for. The transport equation describing the film phenomena is solved analytically by using a linearization of the reaction term. The model is applied to the description of NO x absorption. A comparison of the experimental and theoretical results demonstrated their good agreement.
Summary: Catalyst systems for polymerization often exhibit variable and poorly controllable activity because of strong influences of trace components and catalyst preparation conditions. In cationic polymerizations in particular, determining catalytic activity and hence the amount of catalyst to be used is challenging. The assessment of a given initiator system typically requires testing it in polymerization reactions. Determining catalytic activity before using the initiator in a polymerization reaction is a desirable approach. This contribution describes the development of such an activity monitoring tool. In the first part, results from a fundamental characterization of the system diethylaluminum chloride/ethylaluminum dichloride/water by different NMR measurements and elemental analysis are reported. Structures characteristic of catalytically active systems are presented. The second part describes the application of transmission IR to the characterization of this system and the correlation of IR results to catalytic activity in dimerization and polymerization reactions. Implementation of the IR analysis as an on‐line measurement is demonstrated.
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