A precision measurement of the gravitational constant G has been made using a beam balance. Special attention has been given to determining the calibration, the effect of a possible nonlinearity of the balance and the zero-point variation of the balance. The equipment, the measurements and the analysis are described in detail. The value obtained for G is 6.674252(109)(54) ×10 −11 m 3 kg −1 s −2 . The relative statistical and systematic uncertainties of this result are 16.3×10 −6 and 8.1 ×10 −6 , respectively.
The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is the major next-generation observa-7 tory for ground-based very-high-energy gamma-ray astronomy. It will improve the sensitivity of current ground-based instruments by a factor of five to twenty, depending on the energy, greatly improving both their angular and energy resolutions over four decades in energy (from 20 GeV to 300 TeV). This achievement will be possible by using tens of imaging Cherenkov telescopes of three successive sizes. They will be arranged into two arrays, one per hemisphere, located on the La Palma island (Spain) and in Paranal (Chile). We present here the optimised and final telescope arrays for both CTA sites, as well as their foreseen performance, resulting from the analysis of three different large-scale Monte Carlo productions.
Foul weather conditions can lead to corona discharges on high voltage overhead transmission lines which are perceivable as an audible broadband crackling and hissing noise. In such situations this noise is often accompanied by a humming noise at twice the mains frequency (2f). While the crackling and hissing noise component was widely investigated in the past, the 2f-component went largely uncommented. Only a scant amount of literature suggests mechanisms explaining the occurrence of this emission, but these suggestions are either vague or controversial. In this paper a mechanism analogous to that of ion loudspeakers is presented, which describes the sound levels of audible 2f-emissions from high voltage model lines quantitatively in a satisfactory manner. While the broadband component of corona noise emissions has its immediate origin in the discharges themselves, the 2f-emissions arise from the drift of ions left behind by the discharges. Due to collisions with gas molecules, these ions cause in the sum a rise of heat in and a force applying on the neutral gas, thus producing the 2f-emissions. Depending on the situation, both can give rise to contributions of similar magnitude.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.