The article focuses on paramount targets for developing “smart” cities in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The conducted studies substantiate the effectiveness of reforms in the housing and utilities sector of Kazakhstan in accordance with the branch state programs and the need for a comprehensive solution of the existing problems for the further successful development of smart cities. This study has been conducted in the framework of the project APO05134552 entitled “Economic evaluation of investment projects for the modernization of housing and communal services in the Republic of Kazakhstan”.
Housing affordability is an acute socio-economic problem in many countries, and Kazakhstan is no exception. The purpose of the article is to assess the affordability of purchasing houses in the regions of Kazakhstan, taking into account dynamic changes in household income and expenditures. The analysis used data from 17 regions of Kazakhstan for 2021, which were collected from the Bureau of National Statistics, Statistical Bulletin of the National Bank, and analytical web portal. Based on the data, three indicators – down payment affordability (DPA), monthly repayment affordability (MRA), and dynamic indicator TAM, which is the time to achieve adequate MRA – were calculated. Then the Housing Affordability Quadrant was built. The results of the analysis showed that all regions of Kazakhstan are located in the third quadrant. This means that households in these regions have difficulty making both down and monthly payments. Full housing affordability in any part of the country is not observed. Then the affordability of housing under the preferential mortgage lending program was assessed, and as a result, housing affordability improved only slightly. The authors concluded that the lower the solvency of monthly payments, the less effective the effect of increasing affordability by lowering the interest rate on mortgage loans. Instead, it is recommended to take state control of prices in the real estate market in each region of Kazakhstan.
The economic independence of any state is the basis of the welfare of the country's population. Starting from 2011, the Republic of Kazakhstan has been working on the financial stabilization of its core assets by transferring leading national companies to an IPO. Formation and development of the IPO market requires conducting various economic analyses and determining the effectiveness of innovative design solutions involved in this direction. One of such activities is the corporate asset valuation of the enterprise entering the IPO market. As a rule, each asset has its own internal base value, which is estimated depending on the character of cash flows, the rate of their growth and the degree of future risk. As a result of the evaluation, the enterprise will have an idea of the life cycle of the project being invested, a pattern of cash flow will be revealed and a discount rate will be determined in order to determine the present value. At the initial stage of the IPO market formation in Kazakhstan, major national companies with long life cycles possessing a sufficient number of assets were identified as the main participants of the project. To participate in an IPO one should know the basic rules of investment, trade mechanisms and features, as well as the law regulating these issues.
The article examines the influence of the housing and communal services on the sustainability of the city. The work provides the interpretation of the “urban sustainability” category, considers the main indicators of ensuring the sustainability of the city. The components of the urban sustainability, associated with the improvement and modernization of housing and communal services for the degree of comfort of living of the population, have been substantiated. The role of housing and communal services in ensuring the sustainability of the city, the sustainability of the urban environment is presented in the results of a survey conducted as part of a sociological study. The issues of the quality of the provided housing and communal services, the degree of satisfaction of consumers with housing and communal services, the extent to which residents can take part in making decisions to improve the quality of life and the urban environment, issues of safe life in the city, the need to build new social facilities to improve the urban environment, the degree of implementation of investment design solutions, organization of management of apartment buildings, etc. The study was carried out as part of a scientific project.
А ННОТА Ц И Я:. Предмет исследования: экономическое развитие жилищно-коммунального хозяйства (ЖКХ) напрямую связано с реализацией жилищной политики страны, имеющей большое значение для строительной индустрии, экономики и населения. Плачевное состояние коммунальных сетей и сооружений ресурсосодержащих систем России и Казахстана, доставшееся в наследство от Советского Союза, в основном, не соответствовало требованиям устойчивого и надлежащего качества предоставления коммунальных услуг. После приобретения независимости в России и Казахстане, как и в других постсоветских странах, была проведена реформа ЖКХ, осуществлена массовая приватизация жилья, в результате чего сформировалась качественно новая сфера жилищных отношений. Прошедший период выявил определенные диспропорции в развитии жилищных отношений, вследствие этого в жилищнокоммунальной сфере накопилось немало проблем, требующих решения. В связи с этим обоснована актуальность исследования, направленного на осуществление сравнительного анализа развития и состояния ЖКХ упомянутых государств. В статье проводится оценка современного состояния и тенденции развития жилищно-коммунального хозяйства России и Казахстана. Данное исследование проведено в рамках научного проекта APО05134552 «Экономическая оценка инвестиционных проектов по модернизации жилищно-коммунального хозяйства Республики Казахстан». Цели: проведение сравнительного анализа развития и состояния жилищно-коммунального хозяйства России и Казахстана и выявление проблем, связанных с реализуемыми в странах жилищной реформой и модернизацией коммунальной инфраструктуры. Материалы и методы: использовались статистические данные о состоянии жилищного фонда и жилищно-коммунального хозяйства Федеральной службы государственной статистики РФ (ФСГС РФ) и Агентства по статистике Министерства национальной экономики Республики Казахстан (АС МНЭ РК). В данной научной работе применялись методы анализа, индукции, дедукции, сравнительный и диалектико-логический подходы. Результаты: дана оценка состояния жилищно-коммунального хозяйства России и Казахстана по показателям, собранным в группы основных подотраслей ЖКХ-жилищное хозяйство и коммунальное хозяйство за период 2010-2016 гг. Экономическая оценка развития жилищно-коммунального хозяйства основывалась на разработке комплекса качественных показателей: 1) удельный вес аварийного жилищного фонда в общей площади всего жилищного фонда; 2) жилищный фонд, обеспеченный по видам благоустройства (водопроводом, водоотведением, отоплением, газом или электроплитами); 3) уровень обеспеченности населения жильем; 4) коэффициент аварийности в сетях; 5) потери ресурсов в сетях (воды и тепла). Выводы: в процессе исследования стало возможным обозначить проблемные вопросы, сдерживающие более успешное развитие жилищно-коммунального сектора в рассматриваемых странах. Проведенный анализ обосновывает необходимость отраслевого реформирования и комплексной системы оценки развития жилищно-коммунального хозяйства в соответствии со стратегической политикой и целевыми государственными программами.
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