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transform IR (FTIR) spectroscopy (Biorad FTS6000) by the disappearance of the C±H stretching vibration peak at 2840±2970 cm ±1 . X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns were taken on a RINT-2100 (Rigaku) diffractometer using Cu Ka radiation. In-plane XRD measurements were performed on an ATX-G (Rigaku) diffractometer using Cu Ka radiation.

Direct in situ optical and photoelectron emission microscopy observations of the nucleation and growth of VO(2) meso- and nanostructures using thermal transport of V(2)O(5) precursor in a vacuum or in an inert-gas environment were conducted. During nanostructure reductive growth, the formation, coexistence, and transformation of the intermediate oxide phases and morphologies were observed and characterized structurally and compositionally. The composition, structure, and morphology of the resultant nanostructures appeared to be a product of the interplay between kinetic and thermodynamic factors during multiple phase transformations. By rationally "navigating" the growth parameters using knowledge of the vanadium-oxygen temperature-composition phase diagram, wetting behavior, and epitaxial relationships of the intermediate phases with the substrate, control over growth direction, faceting, shape, and elastic strain of the nanostructures can be achieved. Such versatile control over the properties of single-crystal VO(2) nano- and mesostructures will facilitate their application in MEMS, sensors, and optoelectronics.