Background: Little evidence exists for the orthotic management for individuals diagnosed with diabetic neuropathy and partial foot amputation.Objective: This pilot study examined differences in balance and pressure distribution while individuals wore foot orthoses inside shoes (BA) and this same orthosis combined with an above-ankle (AABA) orthosis.Study Design: Within-group repeated measures crossover design.Methods: Participants with transmetatarsal amputation were assessed during randomized visits with the two interventions. Using a motion analysis system and force plates, we computed the instantaneous inclination angle between the center of mass and center of pressure to quantify balance. The F-Scan in-shoe sensor system was used to measure plantar pressures.Results: Improvement in balance was measured with the use of the AABA orthosis for the participant who had the greatest time from the timed up and go test (TUG). Plantar pressure during terminal stance did not change between the two conditions. And, lack of ankle mobility appears to lead to less compliance.Conclusion: Only individuals with reduced mobility may have improved balance with an orthosis that extends above the ankle. The TUG score may be an effective clinical exam to differentiate those individuals who may benefit from an AABA design as compared to a BA design.Clinical relevanceOrthotic interventions aim to improve balance and distribute plantar pressures. This study suggests that the different effects on balance while walking with the BA and AABA devices are individually specific and the TUG outcome measure may provide a useful means to determine the appropriate intervention.
Falls are a common health issue among older adults. Muscle weakness, limited physical function, and balance impairment have been identified as the modifiable risk factors for falls. The purpose of this review is to analyze current evidence about the efficacy of power training in improving physical function, improving balance, and preventing falls in older adults. We also provide recommendations regarding power training protocols for older adults. This review suggests that power training is effective in reducing several risk factors for falls. Future interdisciplinary studies are needed to provide evidence about how to incorporate power training in a fall prevention program.
Few studies have concurrently investigated the accuracy and repeatability of an optical and electromagnetic (EM) system during dynamic motion. The purposes of this study were to: (1) assess the accuracy of both an EM and optical system when compared to a gold standard and (2) to compare the intra- and inter-day repeatability during 3D kinematic motion of both systems. The gold standard used for accuracy assessment was a robot programmed to manipulate a carbon fiber beam through pre-defined motions within the capture volume of both systems at 30, 45 and 60°/s. A total of 12 healthy young adults were tested for intra- and inter-day repeatability of hip, knee and ankle joint angles during a sit-to-stand movement. Marker trajectories were captured using an 8-camera Motion Analysis system and a Polhemus Liberty system. Optical markers for both portions of the study were precisely marked to allow for digitization by the EM system, with collections taken at 120 Hz. Accuracy and repeatability were assessed using the RMS error and coefficient of multiple correlations (CMC), respectively. The optical system demonstrated a 1–2.5° lower RMS error in tracking the robot movements in the transverse and sagittal planes when compared to the EM system. However, it was possible that metal interference affected the accuracy of the EM system. High intra-day and inter-day repeatability was demonstrated by both systems during the sit-to-stand task. The optical system did demonstrate slightly higher CMC values for between day trials, though skin motion artifact might have affected the EM system to a greater extent. Overall, both systems demonstrated an adequate ability to track dynamic motion.
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