Trapped atoms near nanophotonics form an exciting platform for bottom-up synthesis of strongly interacting quantum matter. The ability to induce tunable long-range atom-atom interactions with photons presents an opportunity to explore many-body physics and quantum optics. Here we implement a configurable optical tweezer array over a planar photonic circuit tailored for cold atom integration and control for trapping and high-fidelity imaging of one or more atoms in an array directly on a photonic structure. Using an optical conveyor belt formed by a moving optical lattice within a tweezer potential, we show that single atoms can be transported from a reservoir into close proximity of a photonic interface, potentially allowing for the synthesis of a defect-free atom-nanophotonic hybrid lattice. Our experimental platform can be integrated with generic planar photonic waveguides and resonators, promising a pathway towards on-chip many-body quantum optics and applications in quantum technology.
We describe the design and fabrication of a scalable atom-light photonic interface based on a silicon nitride microring resonator on a transparent silicon dioxide-nitride multi-layer membrane. This new photonic platform is fully compatible with freespace cold atom laser cooling, stable trapping, and sorting at around 100 nm from the microring surface, permitting the formation of an organized, strongly interacting atom-photonic hybrid lattice. We demonstrate small radius (R ∼16µm) microring and racetrack resonators with a high quality factor Q = 3.2 × 10 5 , projecting a single atom cooperativity parameter of C = 25 and a vacuum Rabi frequency of 2g = 2π × 340 MHz for trapped cesium atoms interacting with a microring resonator mode. We show that the quality factor is currently limited by the surface roughness of the multi-layer membrane, grown using low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) processes. We discuss possible further improvements to a quality factor above Q > 5 × 10 6 , potentially achieving single atom cooperativity parameter of C > 500 for strong single atom-photon coupling. †
Whispering-gallery-mode
(WGM) resonance manipulated random laser action has been proposed.
To illustrate our working principle, lasing characteristics of ZnO
nanorods decorated with SiO2 nanospheres have been investigated.
It is found that with the assistance of SiO2 nanospheres
the emission spectrum exhibits a very narrow background signal with
a few sharp lasing peaks and a very small full width at half-maximum
of less than 0.3 nm. The differential quantum efficiency (ηd) of random laser action can be greatly enhanced by up to
735%. More interestingly, the wavelength of laser action of ZnO nanorods
can be controlled by the decoration of different-size nanospheres.
The underlying origin is attributed to the fact that the decorated
nanospheres not only enable the generation of WGM resonance and enhance
the peak emission intensity but also can serve as scattering centers.
Cathodoluminescence mapping images of nanorods decorated with nanospheres
and theoretical calculation based on the spherical cavity were utilized
to confirm our proposed mechanism. These intriguing features manifest
the tunability of mode-controlled random laser action by WGM resonance
of nanospheres. Our discovery shown here may open up a new approach
for the creation of highly efficient optoelectronic devices.
We present a complete fabrication study of an efficiently coupled microring optical circuit tailored for cavity quantum electrodynamics with trapped atoms. The microring structures are fabricated on a transparent membrane with high in-vacuum fiber edge-coupling efficiency in a broad frequency band. In addition, a bus waveguide pulley coupler realizes critical coupling to the microrings at both of the cesium D-line frequencies, while high coupling efficiency is achieved at the cesium “magic” wavelengths for creating a lattice of two-color evanescent field traps above a microring. The presented platform holds promise for realizing a robust atom-nanophotonics hybrid quantum device.
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