Stormwater ponds are common in many cities and are intended to slow runoff and improve water quality in downstream waterbodies. The use of stormwater ponds to capture and retain phosphorus is based on assumptions that most incoming phosphorus is particulate and prone to settling and that ponds remain fully aerated to prevent the release of sedimentary phosphorus via redox-driven internal loading. Our analysis of observations from stormwater ponds suggests that internal loading is common due to stratification, and the resulting low oxygen, as well as high sedimentary phosphorus availability. This indicates that many ponds have a reduced capacity to trap phosphorus and, in some cases, can release previously trapped phosphorus, potentially contributing to eutrophication in downstream waterbodies.

We present a normal human vitreous protein profile using current technologies and provide a baseline for comparison to ocular disease states. Tissue distribution of vitreous proteins may help to elucidate more specific protein function.

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In this paper we report our progress on the development of silicon-based surgical tools. We report on the integration of piezoresistive sensors in noise insensitive Wheatstone configuration, silicon nitride/platinum composite overhanging blades, fluid channels, and electrical packaging features to make the device highly multifunctional.Multiple polysilicon piezoresistors were integrated onto bulk micromachined ultrasonic transducers, that were characterized for measuring the ultrasonic strain and the force applied to the cutting tip. The use of thin film silicon nitride/metal composites for cutting swine retinas at the cellular level is demonstrated.