Abstract. Winarni B, Lahjie AM, Simarangkir B.D.A.S, Yusuf S, Ruslim Y.2017. Tengkawang cultivation model in community forest using agroforestry systems in West Kalimantan,. Tengkawang is the flora mascot of West Kalimantan and has long been supporting the life of people around the forest. Its fruit can be processed into fat which traded as 'green butter', 'borneo tallow', or 'tengkawang oil', which used as cocoa butter substitutes and the material for manufacturing lipstick, candle and drugs. Its wood was used as raw material for sawmill and plywood industries. Today, tengkawang tree existence is endangered and has been replaced with rubber plantations. The purposes of this research were to: (i) analyze the maximum growth increment of tengkawang; (ii) analyze the maximum production of tengkawang fruits and latex; (iii) analyze the financial feasibility of tengkawang cultivation and tengkawang combined with rubber; and (iv)formulate tengkawang cultivation model. The research used a descriptive method in survey form and interview technique by using questionnaire. The research result showed that the maximum growth increment of tengkawang which cultivated in monoculture (model 1) and tengkawang combined with rubber (model 2) were achieved at the age of 40 years. The maximum production of tengkawang fruit in model 1 and model 2 were achieved at the age of 64 years, while the maximum production of latex (model 2) was achieved at the age of 17 years. The cultivation of tengkawang by model 1 produced IRR of 12.3% and model 2 produced IRR of 12.9%. Financially, both cultivation models of tengkawang were feasible to be cultivated. Financially, tengkawang cultivation by using rubber in an agroforestry system was more profitable than tengkawang cultivation in monoculture.

THE ECONOMICALLY IMPORTANT CRABS IN INDONESIA:Indonesia have many marine resources, one of it is crab. The worldwide have many spesies of crabs and the Indo-malaysia have approximatly 1000 spesies of crabs. During a few last years, the amount of crabs demand have increased. Portunidae is become one of the crabs which have important economic value in Indonesia. However, relying the production on natural capture gives on effect the number of crab populations has decreased.This paper discuss about charasteristios of crab especially Portunus pelagicus (Family : Portunidae) which have benefit economically value and should have managed wisely to become sustainable resources.

Mudskippers (Boleophthalmus pectinirostris) in temperate climates make burrows and shallow ponds surrounded by mud walls as a provider of microhabitats for microphytobenthos. In the mangrove ecosystem of Pandansari Brebes there are also Boleophthalmus pectinirostris which make burrows. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the Boleophthalmus pectinirostris burrow as a microhabitat for microphytobenthos in the mangrove ecosystem of Pandansari, Kaliwlingi village, Brebes. This research was conducted in mangrove and mudflat beach areas with three transects and three replications each. Samples were taken were burrow structures, temperature, and microphytobenthos biomass in the inner and outer area of the burrow. The results showed a total area of burrows in mudflat beach areas 71.93 ± 24.9cm2/m2 was greater than in mangrove areas 50.51 ± 46.9cm2/m2 because the beach has more mud than in mangrove. Microphytobenthos biomass was fewer in mudflat beach areas than mangrove areas because the density of Boleophthalmus pectinirostris was more on the mudflat. There was no difference in microphytobenthos biomass inside the burrow (mangrove: 1623 ± 1108µg/mm2; mudflat beach: 94.5 ± 67.5µg/mm2) from outside the burrow (mangrove: 2484 ± 3161µg/mm2; mudflat beach: 145 ± 151µg/mm2). This shows that the Boleophthalmus pectinirostris burrow in Pandansari Brebes does not provide microhabitats for microphytobenthos. This is because in the tropics the temperature is almost the same every year so that microphytobenthos can always live every year.  Ikan gelodok (Boleophthalmus pectinirostris) di daerah beriklim temperate membuat liang dan juga kolam dangkal yang di kelilingi oleh dinding lumpur sebagai penyedia mikrohabitat bagi mikrofitobenthos. Di ekosistem mangrove Pandansari Brebes juga terdapat B. pectinirostris yang membuat liang. Tujuan penelitian ini mengetahui pengaruh liang ikan gelodok jenis B. pectinirostris sebagai mikrohabitat bagi mikrofitobenthos di ekosistem mangrove daerah Pandansari desa Kaliwlingi Brebes. Penelitian ini dilakukan di daerah mangrove dan daerah pantai berlumpur dengan masing tiga transek dan tiga ulangan. Sampel yang diambil berupa struktur liang, suhu dan biomassa mikrofitobenthos di area dalam dan luar liang. Hasil menunjukan luas liang total lebih besar di daerah pantai 71,93±24,9 cm2/m2 karena pantai memiliki lumpur yang banyak daripada di daerah mangrove 50,51±46,9cm2/m2. Biomassa mikrofitobenthos lebih sedikit di daerah pantai daripada daerah mangrove karena kepadatan B. pectinirostris lebih banyak di pantai. Tidak ada perbedaan biomassa mikrofitobenthos secara signifikan di dalam liang (mangrove: 1623±1108µg/mm2; pantai: 94,5±67,5µg/mm2) dengan di luar liang (mangrove: 2484±3161µg/mm2; pantai:145±151µg/mm2) hal ini menunjukan liang B. pectinirostris di Pandansari Brebes tidak menyediakan mikrohabitat bagi mikrofitobenthos. Hal ini disebabkan di daerah tropis suhu tiap tahun yang hampir sama sehingga mikrofitobenthos dapat selalu hidup tiap tahun

B. pectinirostris constructs different shapes of burrows on the surface of the sediment because of different functions. This study was to determine the effect of burrows on total organic matter (TOM) on the sediment surface in the mangrove ecosystem in Pandansari Brebes, Central Java. Sampling was divided into mangrove areas and muddy beach areas. The shape of the burrows was visually observed in a year. TOM was taken from inside and outside the burrow in June and September using a syringe and analyzed by the LOI method. B. pectinirostris had circular burrow openings at the same height as the ground surface. At the mouth of the burrow, there were traces of fish coming in and out. The diameter of the burrows was around 3-4cm in the muddy beach area and 2-9cm in the mangrove area. TOM in the mangrove area inside the burrow was 9,034±0,851% and outside was 8,470%±0,967% and in the muddy beach area inside the burrow was 8,754%±0,476% and outside was 8,558%±0,924%. There was no difference in TOM inside and outside the burrow in the two areas (P>0.05). It is likely caused by the locomotion of fish and tidal stirring, so the burrows do not function as a TOM trap.