Seagrass community structure of Tayando-Tam Island, Southeast Moluccas, Indonesia

Abstract

Abstract. Winarni B, Lahjie AM, Simarangkir B.D.A.S, Yusuf S, Ruslim Y.2017. Tengkawang cultivation model in community forest using agroforestry systems in West Kalimantan,. Tengkawang is the flora mascot of West Kalimantan and has long been supporting the life of people around the forest. Its fruit can be processed into fat which traded as 'green butter', 'borneo tallow', or 'tengkawang oil', which used as cocoa butter substitutes and the material for manufacturing lipstick, candle and drugs. Its wood was used as raw material for sawmill and plywood industries. Today, tengkawang tree existence is endangered and has been replaced with rubber plantations. The purposes of this research were to: (i) analyze the maximum growth increment of tengkawang; (ii) analyze the maximum production of tengkawang fruits and latex; (iii) analyze the financial feasibility of tengkawang cultivation and tengkawang combined with rubber; and (iv)formulate tengkawang cultivation model. The research used a descriptive method in survey form and interview technique by using questionnaire. The research result showed that the maximum growth increment of tengkawang which cultivated in monoculture (model 1) and tengkawang combined with rubber (model 2) were achieved at the age of 40 years. The maximum production of tengkawang fruit in model 1 and model 2 were achieved at the age of 64 years, while the maximum production of latex (model 2) was achieved at the age of 17 years. The cultivation of tengkawang by model 1 produced IRR of 12.3% and model 2 produced IRR of 12.9%. Financially, both cultivation models of tengkawang were feasible to be cultivated. Financially, tengkawang cultivation by using rubber in an agroforestry system was more profitable than tengkawang cultivation in monoculture.

Forest gardens management under traditional ecological knowledge in West Kalimantan, Indonesia

“…The rubber plantations have unique features, in which other species of plants can grow among the existing rubber plants, for example, rubber planting with tengkawang, rubber planting with durian, and rubber planting with camphor. Such conditions make rubber plantations look more like forests (Rufinus et al 2011;Winarni et al 2017). The relationship between the Dayak Kodatn people and the forest can be understood as what is called as Traditional Ecological Knowledge.…”

“…Based on the data in Table 2, a graph of camphor tree standing volume increment was prepared, which was a graph of the relationship between MAI and CAI which can be seen in Figure 2.E. The relationship graph between MAI and CAI has the following characteristics: CAI curve reaches peak rapidly and decreases rapidly, while curve MAI peaks slowly and declines slowly (Dinga 2014;Muliadi 2017;Winarni 2017). From the graph of camphor tree standing volume increment in Figure 2.D, it can be seen that initially, the MAI is under CAI, and CAI reaches the first peak of the MAI.…”

“…According to Muliadi (2017) and Winarni (2017) the cutting rotation of timber follows the biological cycle of the stand, i.e. the stand will be harvested when MAI is equal to CAI, i.e.…”

“…As rubber latex can be tapped anytime and the timing of sellout can be set, meaning that the locals can sell rubber latex when the market price is high. Rubber trees begin to be tapped at the age of 5 years (Winarni et al 2017). Local wisdom has been tested and proven that the forest they manage is still there today.…”

Model of Community Forest Land Management Production and Financial Simulation of Super Teak, Solomon Teak and Sungkai Trees in Samboja Kutai Kartanegara East Kalimantan, Indonesia

“…The desire for research on environmental services in an ecosystem has increased in the last three decades, but a deep understanding of the contribution of forests and timber to food production and livelihoods is still limited (Reed et al, 2017;Farshad et al, 2018;Matveev et al, 2018;Dave et al, 2017;Linger, 2014). The approach used in this study is to predict the wood production potential of a forest area for the supply of processing industries, as well as to calculate the estimated financial conditions described in the analysis of internal rate of return (IRR) and net present value (NPV) Lahjie et al, 2018;Sandalayuk et al, 2019;Winarni, 2017). Teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) is a high-quality commercial wood, categorized as the Verbenaceae tribe.…”