The aim is to bring together the new anthropological techniques and knowledge about populations that are least known. The present study was performed on 901 healthy Gujarati volunteers (676 males, 225 females) within the age group of 21-50 years with the aim to examine whether any correlation exists between cephalofacial measures naming maximum head length, maximum head breadth, bizygomatic breadth, bigonial diameter, morphological facial length, physiognomic facial length, biocular breadth and total cephalofacial height and sex determination. Also, discriminant function and logistic regression methods were verified to check the best accuracy level for sex determination. Mean values of cephalofacial dimensions were higher in males than in females. Best reliable results were obtained by using logistic regression equations in males (92%) and discriminant function in females (80.9%). Our study conclusively establishes the existence of a definite statistically significant sexual dimorphism in Gujarati population using cephalo-facial dimensions. ª 2015 Hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of The International Association of Law and Forensic Sciences (IALFS).
Acidophilic iron-oxidizing microorganisms are important for both, the environment and for biotechnological applications. Biogeneration of ferric from ferrous iron was studied using an iron-oxidizing consortium developed during polymetallic concentrate bioleaching. A promising iron oxidizing consortium was developed by adaptation and selection, which resulted in bacterial iron oxidation activity under the extreme conditions of 250 g/L ferrous sulphate as initial substrate and 500 g/L ferric sulphate. The development of iron oxidizers improved the iron oxidation rate from 0.019 to as high as 0.6 g/L/h in the shake flask studies with 25 % initial ferrous sulphate in the medium. The consortium showed dominance of Leptospirillum ferrooxidans and Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. A fixed film bioreactor was further developed to improve rates of iron oxidation. The developed fixed film bioreactor operated successfully for 200 batches without external addition of inoculum with the highest iron oxidation rate of 1.89 g/L/h. The biological ferric iron generation process provides continuous leaching agent in the form of ferric sulphate, which would be a promising eco-friendly biotechnological process for the indirect extraction of precious metals from sulphidic mineral concentrates.
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