Determination of sex using cephalo-facial dimensions by discriminant function and logistic regression equations

Shah, Twisha; Patel, M. N.; Nath, Surinder; Menon, Shobhana K.

doi:10.1016/j.ejfs.2015.03.004

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In this study it was observed that males have significantly higher mean value in most of the facial variables studied compared to the females. This is similar to the studies carried out by some other researchers 2,16,[27][28][29][30] . A study on Malaysian students of Melaka Manipal Medical College showed that all female values were lesser than those of males 19 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Many researchers have widely made use of somatometry in the estimation of sex from different body segments like the skull, long bones, pelvis, clavicle, phalanges, ribs etc. 2 Craniofacial anthropometry is an objective technique based on a series of measurements and proportions, which facilitates the characterization of phenotypic variation and quantification of dysmorphology 3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A multivariate model returned 68.5% correct classification when applied in sex determination providing a useful baseline orbital morphometric data for East Indian population 13 . A study conclusively established the existence of a definite statistically significant sexual dimorphism in Gujarati population using cephalo-facial dimensions whereby the best reliable results were obtained by using logistic regression equations in males (92%) and discriminant function in females (80.9%) 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sexual Dimorphism and Anthropometric Comparison of Craniofacial Features of Igbo and Yoruba Undergraduate Students of University of Lagos, Nigeria

Iroanya¹,

Oyeyemi²,

Egwuatu³

2019

BJFS

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Forensic anthropology is the practical application of anthropology to law, especially in questions related to medicolegal identity and forensic medicine. In forensics, methods involving physical anthropology present high rate of accuracy for human identification and gender estimation. This study aimed to ascertain sexual dimorphism using different craniofacial variables among Igbo and Yoruba young adults. Some craniofacial variables were measured in 300 undergraduates from University of Lagos using physical anthropometry. The mean values of all the craniofacial features studied were higher in males compared to females. Igbo students had significantly (p≤0.05) higher mean height, weight, morphological facial height (MFH), morphological facial breadth (MFB), intercanthal difference (ID), nose length (LN), left eye width (LEW), exocanthii to exocanthii (EX-EX) and subnasale to gnathion (SN-GN) values compared to Yoruba students. The mean prosopic index of the Igbo male (94.5%), Igbo females (94.6%) and Yoruba females (93.92%) showed leptoprosopic facial shape while the Yoruba males (97.52%) were hyperleptoprosopic. The mean nasal index of Igbo females (leptorrhine) was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) lower compared to Igbo males and the Yoruba males and females (mesorrhine). Sex was significant with height, weight, MFH, MFB, ID, CH-CH, LEW, EX-EX, SN-GN at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). This study shows that height, weight, MFH, MFB, ID, CH-CH, LEW, EX-EX and SN-GN can be used to predict sex.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sexual Dimorphism and Anthropometric Comparison of Craniofacial Features of Igbo and Yoruba Undergraduate Students of University of Lagos, Nigeria

Iroanya¹,

Oyeyemi²,

Egwuatu³

2019

BJFS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Robust statistical methods are employed to reduce the complexity of the data and to construct population-specific models. In the recent past, many studies have been conducted to estimate sex and stature from the lengths of upper 6–9 and lower limbs, 2,10–12 cephalo-facial measurements 13–15 and hand 16–19 and foot dimensions. 20–23 In sex determination, the cranium 24,25 and pelvis 26,27 are considered to be highly accurate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different predictive and accuracy models for sex and stature estimation from second- and fourth-digit lengths in the Kinnaur population of Himachal Pradesh, North India: Medico-legal and forensic implications

et al. 2019

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Forensic anthropologists are not only active in courtroom testimonies but also contribute to disaster victim identification. The timely recovery and identification of victims in any disaster is crucial, and anthropologists play a vital role in this process. In mass disasters such as airplane crashes, tsunamis, earthquakes or terrorist attacks, fragments of dead bodies are usually brought for identification. Each fragment demands special tactics to fulfil any of the basic attributes of forensic identification such as age, sex, stature or ancestry. If sex and stature can be estimated from a single fragment, then it can potentially reduce the identification time and possible victim matches. In this study, an attempt has been made to estimate sex and stature from the second- and fourth-digit lengths. Different predictive and accuracy models have been devised using statistical techniques. No bilateral difference was observed in the digit lengths in either sex. Consequently, an average of the digit lengths was employed for model approximations. The fourth-digit length provided the best sex estimates (M=82.1%, F=79.2%) when binary logistic regression (BLR) statistics were applied. It was also observed that overall sex estimations improved from 78.8% (from BLR) to 79.8% when discriminant function analysis was used for sex estimation. Second- and fourth-digit lengths were used independently and together for stature estimation models for males and females individually and for the pooled sample. In stature estimation models, three major interpretations were perceived: (1) the second-digit length provided the best stature estimates; (2) the estimation models compute better stature estimates for females than their counterparts, that is, standard errors are less in females than males; and (3) second and fourth digits predict more reliable stature estimation when the sex of the digits is known than that of the pooled sample.

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“…The morphological method is greatly influenced by the observer and needs a certain degree of professional experience. At present, the method of sex discrimination based on skull is still mainly used in measurement discrimination method [11][12][13][14][15]. Compared with the morphological discriminant method, the measurement discrimination method is more objective, but the accuracy rate is not enough, because there is a overlap between the male value and the female value in many measurement indexes, which makes the uncertainty in the sex identification process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Determination of Skull Based on Fuzzy Decision Tree

Yang¹,

Xiamixiding²,

Xu³

et al. 2018

Proceedings of the 4th Workshop on Advanced Research and Technology in Industry (WARTIA 2018)

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The skeleton plays an important role in sex determination in forensic anthropology. The skull bone is considered as the second best after the pelvic bone in sex determination due to its better retention of morphological features. Different populations have varying skeletal characteristics, making population specific analysis for sex determination essential. However, most previous studies have used the traditional discriminant function method, which is highly dependent on the population, and does not consider the uncertainty in the process of sex identification. In view of the above problems, this paper proposes a method of sex identification based on fuzzy decision tree. The proposed method is to improve the uncertainty, by constructing the fuzzy function of statistical information based on the cranial measurement item, as the basis of the fuzzy decision process, the classification factor is determined at the end of the training process, and a fuzzy decision binary tree is established. The experimental results show that the proposed method is effective and can provide reference for the practical application of gender discrimination.

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Determination of sex using cephalo-facial dimensions by discriminant function and logistic regression equations

Cited by 16 publications

References 15 publications

Sexual Dimorphism and Anthropometric Comparison of Craniofacial Features of Igbo and Yoruba Undergraduate Students of University of Lagos, Nigeria

Sexual Dimorphism and Anthropometric Comparison of Craniofacial Features of Igbo and Yoruba Undergraduate Students of University of Lagos, Nigeria

Different predictive and accuracy models for sex and stature estimation from second- and fourth-digit lengths in the Kinnaur population of Himachal Pradesh, North India: Medico-legal and forensic implications

Sex Determination of Skull Based on Fuzzy Decision Tree

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