This article deals with the problem of indigenous peoples’ child-rearing practices based on their traditional way of life, language and authentic ethnic culture against the background of a strong national revival of the peoples of the Russian Federation. It shows that inclement natural and climatic conditions and the vulnerable traditional way of life of indigenous peoples of the North have necessitated creation of a special national policy towards their sustainable development, which would provide for an action framework to preserve their indigenous culture, traditional way of life, and primordial living environment. In particular, it resolves the essential contradiction between the existing unified system of school education and the relevance of variable organization of traditional education for children of the indigenous peoples of the North in the nomad camp, based on their ethnic, psychological, and physiological features of development. A model for traditional Even child rearing in the nomad camp has been developed and tested as a new form of organizing children’s life during summer holidays in the North. Special aspects of educational environment for Northern children in the nomad camp have been substantiated based on a curriculum with an ethnic focus aiming to form their identity as native speakers of the language and bearers of the culture of their people and as members of the northern ethnic group. The effectiveness of ethnocultural education of Even children in the nomad camp has been experimentally proved through an ethno-pedagogical theory and practice in specific natural conditions of the North.
La relevancia de esta investigación está determinada por la modernización y regionalización del sistema educativo en el contexto de los requisitos de los nuevos Estándares Educativos del Estado Federal (FSES), y teniendo en cuenta las particularidades de la educación escolar en el norte de la República de Sakha (Yakutia) basado en un enfoque indígena. El propósito del estudio es la organización variable de la educación escolar en el Norte, teniendo en cuenta la forma de vida y actividad tradicional específica de los pueblos indígenas del Norte. Los enfoques rectores de la investigación son socioculturales, etnopedagógicos y activos en términos del carácter local aplicado del estudio. Los autores del presente estudio revelan las características y problemas de la organización de la educación escolar, y las formas de su implementación variable de acuerdo a los requerimientos del FSES en las condiciones específicas del Norte. Métodos de búsqueda. El método rector del estudio es un experimento pedagógico, un análisis de la educación escolar en el norte en el contexto de un enfoque indígena y la implementación del programa “Somos niños de la tierra de Olonkho”. Los autores evidencian la necesidad de ampliar las funciones sociales de las escuelas rurales del Norte en términos de desarrollo de centros sociopedagógicos en los lugares de residencia compacta de los pueblos indígenas.
The article considers the process of introducing new forms of temporary children's associations during summer vacation days for children from indigenous peoples of the north, the Even people, which implies an ecological expedition of children from the Moma ulus of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) to study the ecology of Moma National Park, the Even language, culture and traditional industries of small peoples of the north. The work experience from 2000 to 2021 showed that a similar model of a nomadic ethno-ecological camp can be applied by the Nomads of the North. The Ewens, by their lifestyle, eternal nomads living in extreme conditions, are very protective of the environment, they are suited like no other to nature conservation activities, namely to work in the Moma National Nature Park. Therefore, in addition to environmental education, methods and technologies of folk pedagogy were used during the work, through which children learned and mastered the Even language and culture, were immersed in authentic forms of life and traditional economic activities: domestic reindeer breeding, hunting and fishing, national sewing, as well as customs and rituals, folk dances and games. Today, the pupils of the nomadic camp work successfully in the sphere of protection of nature, as well as in the national economy, including teachers of their native language and national culture. The experience of the temporary youth association has attracted the interest of many specialists, for example scientists from the United States of America who developed the "Deer Trail" project; also, many regions of the Russian Federation have introduced summer camps into educational practise in accordance with their requirements and possibilities.
The article describes a model for the formation of ethno-educational competence in primary school teachers, ethno-pedagogization of the educational process and the national civic identity as a condition for the successful implementation of the tasks of the new standard for primary school, and deals with the content and stages of the formation of bachelors’ ethno-educational competencies in future primary school teachers as exemplified by Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University.
The relevance comes from the fact that the article deals with the most important problem of educating children of small indigenous peoples of the North on the basis of their traditional way of life, native language and original ethnic culture, convincingly argued by quotations from the visiting session of the Presidium of the State Council when discussing the problems of indigenous peoples of the North, 'The concept of sustainable development of small indigenous peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East of the Russian Federation', which stresses that 'difficult natural and climatic conditions, vulnerability of traditional way of life and small size of each of the peoples of the North conditioned the necessity to form a special state policy regarding their sustainable development, which provides for systematic measures on preservation of original culture, traditional way of life, and original habitat of these peoples.'
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