In our study, a systematic clinical assessment was proved to be useful in determination of possible spondylolisthesis cases. Radiological assessments are required in order to make the diagnosis clear and to determine the grade and prognosis of spondylolisthesis. Advanced imaging techniques like MRI and CT have to be used when neurological symptoms are present, and when surgical intervention is indicated.

Objectives: In this study, we aimed to compare the efficacy of osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) to exercise treatment in the knee osteoarthritis (OA). Patients and methods: A total of 100 patients (9 males, 76 females; mean age 54.8±8.5 years; range, 40 to 70 years) with Stage II-III bilateral knee OA enrolled to the study and randomized into two groups between January 2015 and June 2015. Group 1 performed exercise and received OMT and Group 2 performed exercise alone. We assessed the clinical parameters with Western Ontario MacMaster Questionnaire (WOMAC) pain score, WOMAC joint stiffness score, WOMAC physical function score, Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and 50-m walking time. All patients were assessed at the beginning of the study, just after the treatment, and four weeks after the treatment. Results: There was no significant difference between groups in terms of physical examination and clinical assessment parameters before treatment. Functional improvement (p<0.05) and pain relief (p<0.05) were significantly higher in the exercise + OMT group. Conclusion: Based on our study results, OMT is a particular treatment used by osteopathic physicians to complement conventional treatment of OA of the knee. In addition to the conservative treatment, OMT can be used.

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Summary:Background: Osteoporosis is a widespread metabolic bone disease representing a global public health problem currently affecting more than two hundred million people worldwide. The World Health Organization states that dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is the best densitometric technique for assessing bone mineral density (BMD). DXA provides an accurate diagnosis of osteoporosis, a good estimation of fracture risk, and is a useful tool for monitoring patients undergoing treatment. Common mistakes in BMD testing can be divided into four principal categories: 1) indication errors, 2) lack of quality control and calibration, 3) analysis and interpretation errors, and 4) inappropriate acquisition techniques. The aim of this retrospective multicenter descriptive study is to identify the common errors in the application of the DXA technique in Turkey. Methods: All DXA scans performed during the observation period were included in the study if the measurements of both, the lumbar spine and proximal femur were recorded. Forearm measurement, total body measurements, and measurements performed on children were excluded. Each examination was surveyed by 30 consultants from 20 different centers each informed and trained in the principles of and the standards for DXA scanning before the study. Results: A total of 3,212 DXA scan results from 20 different centers in 15 different Turkish cities were collected. The percentage of the discovered erroneous measurements varied from 10.5% to 65.5% in the lumbar spine and from 21.3% to 74.2% in the proximal femur. The overall error rate was found to be 31.8% (n = 1021) for the lumbar spine and 49.0% (n = 1576) for the

INTRODUCTIONPregnancy-related lumbopelvic pain is defined as a pain of unclear etiology and pathophysiology which affects almost half of pregnant women 1 and is felt in the pelvic girdle and/or lumbar vertebral region. 2,3 Lower back pain means pain developing between the 12 th vertebrae and gluteal fold, and pelvic girdle pain means pain developing between the posterior iliac crest and gluteal fold. 1 Pregnancy-related lumbopelvic pain usually starts at 18 weeks of pregnancy and reaches a peak at 24 and 36 weeks. Sometimes it is also seen during the first trimester. 1,2 Pregnancy is a period during which certain physical and hormonal changes occur. There is increased physical load, primarily due to weight gain and increasing fetus ABSTRACT Background: Pregnancy-related lumbopelvic pain is known as lower back and pelvic girdle pain of unclear etiology, which affects almost half of pregnant women, often starts at 18 weeks and decreases at 6 months postpartum. The purpose of this study is to identify the risk factors in patients with pregnancy-related lumbopelvic pain in early postpartum period and determine the factors associated with pain in patients suffering from lumbopelvic pain at 1 month postpartum. Methods: 339 women of 18-40 years of age who were in the 1st month of postpartum period were included in the study. Socio-demographic data, gynecological history and method of delivery were recorded for all subjects. All subjects were evaluated for pregnancy-related lumbopelvic pain. The Oswestry disability index was used for functional evaluation and the Beck depression inventory was used for assessment of depression. Results: 114 (33.6%) patients had a history of pregnancy-related lumbopelvic pain. 59 (18.9%) patients had ongoing pain at 1 month postpartum. When patients were divided into two groups, consisting of women with and without lumbopelvic pain at 1 month postpartum, no statistical difference was observed between two groups in terms of age, parity, employment status, smoking status, depression score, method of delivery, type of anesthesia, and emergency or elective cesarean section. When the risk factors affecting postpartum lumbopelvic pain were evaluated by using the Stepwise Logistic regression analysis, weight gain during pregnancy, body mass index and presence of lumbopelvic pain during previous pregnancy were found to be independent risk factors (p<0.05). Conclusion: Pregnancy-related lumbopelvic pain is a significant cause of disability that affects many pregnant women. Control of weight gain during pregnancy could be important in avoiding the development of lumbopelvic pain. In patients experiencing lumbopelvic pain in previous pregnancies, necessary measures should be taken against development of lumbopelvic pain during a new pregnancy.