Common Mistakes in the Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) in Turkey. A Retrospective Descriptive Multicenter Study

Abstract

Summary:Background: Osteoporosis is a widespread metabolic bone disease representing a global public health problem currently affecting more than two hundred million people worldwide. The World Health Organization states that dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is the best densitometric technique for assessing bone mineral density (BMD). DXA provides an accurate diagnosis of osteoporosis, a good estimation of fracture risk, and is a useful tool for monitoring patients undergoing treatment. Common mistakes in BMD testing can be divided into four principal categories: 1) indication errors, 2) lack of quality control and calibration, 3) analysis and interpretation errors, and 4) inappropriate acquisition techniques. The aim of this retrospective multicenter descriptive study is to identify the common errors in the application of the DXA technique in Turkey. Methods: All DXA scans performed during the observation period were included in the study if the measurements of both, the lumbar spine and proximal femur were recorded. Forearm measurement, total body measurements, and measurements performed on children were excluded. Each examination was surveyed by 30 consultants from 20 different centers each informed and trained in the principles of and the standards for DXA scanning before the study. Results: A total of 3,212 DXA scan results from 20 different centers in 15 different Turkish cities were collected. The percentage of the discovered erroneous measurements varied from 10.5% to 65.5% in the lumbar spine and from 21.3% to 74.2% in the proximal femur. The overall error rate was found to be 31.8% (n = 1021) for the lumbar spine and 49.0% (n = 1576) for the

Percentage fat fraction in magnetic resonance imaging: upgrading the osteoporosis-detecting parameter

“…Osteoporosis (OP) is a systemic metabolic bone disorder that affects more than 200 million people especially the elderly worldwide [1]. It is characterized by reduced bone density, leading to an increase in bone fragility and susceptibility to fractures, most commonly vertebral compression fracture (VCF) [2,3].…”

ssessment of the Relationship Between Vitamin D Level and Non-specific Musculoskeletal System Pain: A Multicenter Retrospective Study (Stroke Study Group)

“…Günümüzde birçok hastalığın etiyolojisinde D vitamini eksikliği (DVE) olduğu düşünülmektedir (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6). Vitamin D 3 öncelikle deride sentezlenir ve karaciğerde hidroksillenerek 25 (OH) vitamin D'yi oluşturur (7)(8)(9)(10).…”

“…Kalsitriol, steroit yapıda bir hormon olup D vitaminin aktif şekli olarak kalsiyum iyonunu destekler (7,8,11). Son yıllarda DVE; metabolik sendrom, kardiyovasküler hastalıklar, enfeksiyöz ve otoimmün hastalıklar hatta kanserlerin içinde bulunduğu birçok kronik hastalıklarla ilişkili bulunmuştur (2,3,(6)(7)(8)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15). DVE, yaşamın tüm safhalarında karşılaşılabilen ve metabolizma üzerinde farklı etkileri olabilen klinik bir durumdur.…”

“…D vitamini kalsiyum homeostazisini düzenleyerek sağlıklı kemik döngüsünü idame ettirmenin dışında; beyin, kas, pankreas, meme, prostat, gonadlar, kolon gibi dokularda yer alan reseptörleri sayesinde tüm metabolizmayı etkileyebilir. T lenfositler üzerindeki reseptörleri aracılığı ile anti-enflamatuvar, proapopitotik immün-modülatuvar özellikler gösterir (2,3,(6)(7)(8)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15). Erişkin popülasyonda DVE prevalansının yüksek olduğu bilinmektedir.…”

Percentage fat fraction in magnetic resonance imaging: Upgrading the osteoporosis-detecting parameter

“…Osteoporosis (OP) is a common metabolic bone disorder that affects more than 200 million people worldwide 1 , which was with clinical features of reduced bone density and increased bone fragility. OP patients showed a high susceptibility to fracture, especially vertebral compression fracture (VCF, or benign compression fracture) 2 .…”