The performance of active suspension systems is directly related to the mechanical design and control of the system. The stable operation of the controller improves driving comfort and handling. The quarter car model is frequently used in the analysis of suspension systems due to its simple structure. In this study, Matlab Simulink software was used in the modeling, control and simulation of the quarter car active suspension model. System performance was investigated for four different road profiles with PID and fuzzy logic control methods. Two of the road profiles used are in the form of impact signals consisting of pits and bumps. The other two road profiles are random road disturbances with high frequency. The effects of active and passive suspension systems on driving comfort are compared by taking into account the control methods used. As a result of the study, it has been determined that the fuzzy logic controller gives better results in pulse signals consisting of bumps and pits, and the PID controller gives better results in highfrequency random road disturbances. In addition, with the use of fuzzy logic control method in the active suspension system, a significant decrease in the actuator force has occurred. This result is very interesting in terms of minimizing energy, reducing actuator sizes and reducing costs.
Bu çalışmada, taşıt güvenlik ve kontrol sistemlerinin işletilmesinde önemli bir parametre olan kayma açısı matematiksel olarak incelenmiştir. Fiala lastik modeli temel alınarak oluşturulan matematiksel model ile aks yükünün 1000 N ile 6000 N arasındaki değerleri için yanal kuvvet ve kendini ayarlama torkunun kayma açısına bağlı değişimi belirlenmiştir. Bu parametreler ile pnömatik iz mesafesi, temas alanı basınç dağılımı, temas alanı maksimum basınç değeri, yanal lastik sapması ve viraj rijitliği değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Benzer şekilde kamber açısının belirli değerleri için ise kamber itki kuvveti ve kamber rijitliği değerleri incelenmiştir. Lastik mekaniği için büyük önem arz eden tüm bu parametrelerin aks yüküne bağlı olarak değişimleri araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada 205/55R16 ebatlarındaki standart bir pnömatik lastiğe sahip tek bir tekerlek örneği, kuru asfalt yol şartlarında, esnek tekerlek-rijit zemin yol etkileşimi açısından araştırılmıştır.
Stirling engines take attention due to their high thermal efficiency potential. Many experimental and numerical studies have been performed up to date. Numerical performance analyses of Stirling engines implemented with CFD simulations are classified as 4th order analyses. In the present study, the effect of compression ratio on engine performance of a beta type Stirling engine with rhombic mechanism was investigated by 2D CFD simulation. CFD simulations of the Stirling engine were performed by ANSYS Fluent software. The engine examined by CFD analysis was modeled using the dimensions of an engine manufactured and tested in a previous study, and validation of the CFD simulation was conducted regarding in-cylinder pressure at 4 bar charge pressure. The crank radius and length of the regenerator zone of the engine were optimized by considering the compression ratio of the engine and engine performance was investigated. Maximum engine performance was obtained at a compression ratio of 2.24 which was ensured by 31.5 mm crank radius and 609.9 mm a length of the regenerator zone. By optimizing the dimensions the engine performance was improved by 99% compared to the base engine configuration. The cyclic work, power, torque, and thermal efficiency were calculated as 62.47 J, 728.93 W, 9.94 Nm, and 37.7% respectively.
With the increase in global energy demand, air pollution becoming uncontrollable does not fall off the agenda. It is inevitable to use and spread of renewable energy sources to make energy production cleaner, more reliable and sustainable. In studies for this purpose, the use of fuel cell systems comes to the forefront thanks to its many advantages. The use of hybrid systems is becoming more common day by day in order to minimize the efficiency losses that may occur in the energy production, use and waste management process, to ensure energy reliability and to prevent systemic problems. In this study, hybrid systems created with fuel cells are discussed in detail, and examined under three main headings: hybrid systems created with renewable energy sources, created with storage devices, and created for energy recovery. It has been observed that the main purpose of hybrid systems created with renewable energy sources is to ensure energy reliability. In addition, the electrical energy required for the electrolysis of hydrogen used as fuel in fuel cells can be provided by photovoltaic panels or wind turbines, thus eliminating fuel storage and transportation problems. In hybrid systems created with storage devices, it is aimed to prevent instantaneous interruptions in the system by meeting the instantaneous power needed by the system and successful results have been achieved. In the hybrid systems created for energy recovery, it has been seen that it is possible to recover the heat and unburned fuel energy released from the fuel cell with thermophotovoltaic cells, gas turbines and heat exchangers.
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