Many domains are trying to integrate with the Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem, such as public administrations starting smart city initiatives all over the world. Cities are becoming smart in many ways: smart mobility, smart buildings, smart environment and so on. However, the problem of non-interoperability in the IoT hinders the seamless communication between all kinds of IoT devices. Different domain specific IoT applications use different interoperability standards. These standards are usually not interoperable with each other. IoT applications and ecosystems therefore tend to use a vertical communication model that does not allow data sharing horizontally across different IoT ecosystems. In 2014, The Open Group published two domain-independent IoT messaging standards, O-MI and O-DF, aiming to solve the interoperability problem. In this article we describe the practical use of O-MI/O-DF standards for reaching interoperability in a mobile application for the smart city context, in particular for the Smart Mobility domain, electric vehicle (EV) charging case study. The proof-of-concept of the smart EV charging ecosystem with mobile application user interface was developed as a part of an EU (Horizon 2020) Project bIoTope.

Demand side management will play a major role in future energy systems. However, while they have been explored in some depth for electricity grids, a similar progress has not been made for district heating networks (DHN). To this end, the current work field-tested the effect of demand side management, in the form of price based, demand response (DR) events, in the DHN catering to a university building. Responding to variations in a pricing model, the temperature of inlet water was varied from the heating water substation. Using combinations of parameters, 11 different DR scenarios were executed. To gauge the effect of the DR interventions, inlet water temperature, room air temperature, and occupant satisfaction were monitored. Depending on the constraints imposed, significant variations in the inlet water temperature and peaks and drops in the room air temperature were noted. The different DR scenarios did not greatly alter occupant satisfaction levels. The study was able to provide useful data from field tests of DR events in a DHN. The data also showed that price based DR events may be triggered and executed without significantly impacting occupant satisfaction with thermal comfort of the premises.

The use of new-generation information technologies in industry and manufacturing is increasing rapidly. However, although information about products is generated and consumed during their entire lifecycle, current research on Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) tends to focus mainly on the physical products themselves rather than on the related information. The Digital Twin (DT) concept aims to connect the physical world with the virtual one by making all the information about physical objects accessible from a single place, even though that information might be distributed over many information systems. This paper presents and analyses new Product Lifecycle Information Management (PLIM) with DT for managing the lifecycle of smart products in the IoT environment. A real-world use case that is a recently finished main building of the Aalto University campus is presented to demonstrate the proposed approach.

The Internet of Things (IoT) is envisioned as a ubiquitous computing infrastructure in which everything becomes connected, enabling gigantic information exchange among Things and people. These connected smart Things generate an enormous amount of data which need to be efficiently managed to form a unified global IoT. Unfortunately, due to the lack of acceptable open standards, communication protocols, and support for device/service discovery, the recent IoT deployments in smart environments (e.g., smart home, smart building, smart city) are posing imperative challenges related to interoperability, discovery, and the configuration of deployed objects, since the number of objects is expected to grow over time. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to provide open and scalable solutions for the discovery of devices (i.e., Things), their configuration, and data management. This paper introduces an open and scalable IoT platform by adopting the modular characteristics of edge computing for smart environments. This paper: (i) performs a systematic literature review of IoT-based infrastructures and analyzes the scalability requirements; (ii) proposes a layered IoT platform for smart environments that fosters heterogeneity, interoperability, discovery, and scalability; and (iii) demonstrates the applicability of the proposed solution by relying on a comprehensive study of a Väre smart building use case at Aalto University.

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The Internet of Things (IoT) security and privacy remain a major challenge, especially due to the highly scalable and distributed nature of IoT networks. IoT security has an exceptionally wide scope which also leads to the most demanding requirements needed for the widespread realization of many IoT visions. It includes the tasks such as trusted sensing, computation, communication, privacy in terms of security scope. A large number of industry-driven domain specific standards has been developed which hinder the development of a single IoT ecosystem. O-MI and O-DF standards were previously proposed to address the challenge of interoperability in IoT devices. This paper highlights and discusses the measures taken to enhance the security of these standards by integration of OAuth 2.0 service provider functionality with the O-MI authentication module along with the existing security module. The security architecture has been proposed which enhances the security features by providing authorization without use of certificates. The implementation details of the plug-in module for envisioned security model developed for the O-MI and O-DF standards have been discussed.