In the analysis of warranty, renewal functions are important in acquiring the expected number of failures of a nonrepairable component in a time interval. It is very difficult and complicated -if at all possible- to obtain a renewal function analytically. This paper proposes a numerical integration method for estimating renewal functions in the terms of renewal integral equations. The estimation is done through the Mean Value Theorem for Integrals (MeVTI) method after modifying the variable of the renewal integral equations. The accuracy of the estimation is measured by its comparison against the existing analytical approach of renewal functions, those are for Exponential, Erlang, Gamma, and Normal baseline failure distributions. The estimation of the renewal function for a Weibull baseline failure distribution as the results of the method is compared to that of the well-known numerical integration approaches, the Riemann-Stieljies and cubic spline methods. Keywords : Mean Value Theorem for Integrals, Renewal Functions, Renewal Integral Equations.
This paper aims to explain higher education initiatives in integrating Gender Equality & Social Inclusion (GESI) in education, research & community service activities. The study was conducted using focus group discussions, in-depth interview, & secondary data. GESI analysis was conducted to understand and critical reflection on GESI initiation in education & teaching, research, and community service programs. Although GESI has a strong basis in government policy but not yet an integrated part of the state policy implementation such as the National Development Plan. In line with that the higher education has not yet fully commitment to integrate GESI into management and the three higher education"s obligations (education, research, and community services). Even though the numbers are relatively small, there is a movement from the 'bottom' from the lecturers / researchers who already have a GESI perspective
This study aims to assess the performance of stochastic volatility models for their estimation of foreign exchange rate returns' volatility using daily data from Bank Indonesia (BI). The model is then applied to validate the anchor currency of Indonesian rupiah (IDR). Two stylized facts are incorporated into the models: A correlation between the previous returns and their conditional variance, and return errors following four different error distributions namely Normal, Student-t, non-central Student-t, and generalized hyperbolic skew Student-t. The analysis is based on the application of daily returns data from nine foreign currency selling rates to IDR from 2010 to 2015, including the AUD, CHF, CNY, EUR, GBP, JPY, MYR, SGD, and USD. The main results are: (1) Mixed evidence of positive and negative relationships between the return and its variance were found, especially significant correlations being found for the IDR/AUD, IDR/CHF, IDR/JPY, IDR/SGD, and IDR/USD returns series; (2) the model with the generalized hyperbolic skew Student's t-distribution specification for the returns error provides the best performance; and (3) anchoring the IDR to established hard currencies is more appropriate than anchoring it to other currencies.
The Central Java is known as one of the important centres of batik development, and several towns and cities in the region are closely associated with batik. Those may include Pekalongan, Surakarta, Lasem, Pati, Tuban, and Semarang. Batik centres help with the sustainable development of batik in Indonesia, but –especially nowadays, efforts need to be made to pass the knowledge and skills of creating batik, so as to make it interesting, attractive, and easy. Besides, efforts are needed to retain and sustain the cultural heritage so that the Indonesian original products remain in the possession of the nation. The WIKI model enables anybody to become a contributor, putting the thoughts on batik in writing, onto the prepared WIKI. This paper discusses the application of a knowledge management method –such that of WIKI’s– that is put forward by Ikujiro Nonaka, the formulation of which is known as SECI. The good documentation of both tacit and explicit objects may enable the step-by-step tracing of knowledge, so that the original source of knowledge is known. This study also adapts a design to retrieve local knowledge and communal identity created by Chuenrudeemol, focusing on aspects of artistic, social and cultural values, and also economic values, with respect to domestic and gender issues.
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